SUBROUTINE TYPE182 (TIME,XIN,OUT,T,DTDT,PAR,INFO,ICNTRL,*) !************************************************************************ ! Object: ABS+DHD ! Simulation Studio Model: Type182 ! ! Author: Alberto Picinardi ! Editor: ! Date: July 21, 2010 last modified: July 21, 2010 ! ! ! *** ! *** Model Parameters ! *** ! Cpw kJ/kg.K [-Inf;+Inf] ! tol - [-Inf;+Inf] ! MaxIter - [-Inf;+Inf] ! *** ! *** Model Inputs ! *** ! Qevanom kW [-Inf;+Inf] ! COPnom - [-Inf;+Inf] ! Theatin C [-Inf;+Inf] ! Tchillin C [-Inf;+Inf] ! Tamb C [-Inf;+Inf] ! Tsea C [-Inf;+Inf] ! mheat kg/s [-Inf;+Inf] ! mcool kg/s [-Inf;+Inf] ! mchill kg/s [-Inf;+Inf] ! *** ! *** Model Outputs ! *** ! Qevaeff kW [-Inf;+Inf] ! COPeff - [-Inf;+Inf] ! Qcool kW [-Inf;+Inf] ! Theatout C [-Inf;+Inf] ! Tcoolin C [-Inf;+Inf] ! Tcoolout C [-Inf;+Inf] ! Tchillout C [-Inf;+Inf] ! FreshWater kg/s [-Inf;+Inf] ! Id - [-Inf;+Inf] ! Overalleff - [-Inf;+Inf] ! SpecEnergy - [-Inf;+Inf] ! Ratio_LG - [-Inf;+Inf] ! *** ! *** Model Derivatives ! *** ! (Comments and routine interface generated by TRNSYS Studio) !************************************************************************ ! TRNSYS acess functions (allow to acess TIME etc.) USE TrnsysConstants USE TrnsysFunctions !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! REQUIRED BY THE MULTI-DLL VERSION OF TRNSYS !DEC$ATTRIBUTES DLLEXPORT :: TYPE182 !SET THE CORRECT TYPE NUMBER HERE !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! TRNSYS DECLARATIONS IMPLICIT NONE !REQUIRES THE USER TO DEFINE ALL VARIABLES BEFORE USING THEM DOUBLE PRECISION XIN !THE ARRAY FROM WHICH THE INPUTS TO THIS TYPE WILL BE RETRIEVED DOUBLE PRECISION OUT !THE ARRAY WHICH WILL BE USED TO STORE THE OUTPUTS FROM THIS TYPE DOUBLE PRECISION TIME !THE CURRENT SIMULATION TIME - YOU MAY USE THIS VARIABLE BUT DO NOT SET IT! DOUBLE PRECISION PAR !THE ARRAY FROM WHICH THE PARAMETERS FOR THIS TYPE WILL BE RETRIEVED DOUBLE PRECISION STORED !THE STORAGE ARRAY FOR HOLDING VARIABLES FROM TIMESTEP TO TIMESTEP DOUBLE PRECISION T !AN ARRAY CONTAINING THE RESULTS FROM THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION SOLVER DOUBLE PRECISION DTDT !AN ARRAY CONTAINING THE DERIVATIVES TO BE PASSED TO THE DIFF.EQ. SOLVER INTEGER*4 INFO(15) !THE INFO ARRAY STORES AND PASSES VALUABLE INFORMATION TO AND FROM THIS TYPE INTEGER*4 NP,NI,NOUT,ND !VARIABLES FOR THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF PARAMETERS,INPUTS,OUTPUTS AND DERIVATIVES INTEGER*4 NPAR,NIN,NDER !VARIABLES FOR THE CORRECT NUMBER OF PARAMETERS,INPUTS,OUTPUTS AND DERIVATIVES INTEGER*4 IUNIT,ITYPE !THE UNIT NUMBER AND TYPE NUMBER FOR THIS COMPONENT INTEGER*4 ICNTRL !AN ARRAY FOR HOLDING VALUES OF CONTROL FUNCTIONS WITH THE NEW SOLVER INTEGER*4 NSTORED !THE NUMBER OF VARIABLES THAT WILL BE PASSED INTO AND OUT OF STORAGE CHARACTER*3 OCHECK !AN ARRAY TO BE FILLED WITH THE CORRECT VARIABLE TYPES FOR THE OUTPUTS CHARACTER*3 YCHECK !AN ARRAY TO BE FILLED WITH THE CORRECT VARIABLE TYPES FOR THE INPUTS !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! USER DECLARATIONS - SET THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF PARAMETERS (NP), INPUTS (NI), ! OUTPUTS (NOUT), AND DERIVATIVES (ND) THAT MAY BE SUPPLIED FOR THIS TYPE PARAMETER (NP=3,NI=9,NOUT=12,ND=0,NSTORED=0) !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! REQUIRED TRNSYS DIMENSIONS DIMENSION XIN(NI),OUT(NOUT),PAR(NP),YCHECK(NI),OCHECK(NOUT),STORED(NSTORED),T(ND),DTDT(ND) INTEGER NITEMS !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ADD DECLARATIONS AND DEFINITIONS FOR THE USER-VARIABLES HERE ! PARAMETERS DOUBLE PRECISION Cpw DOUBLE PRECISION tol DOUBLE PRECISION MaxIter ! INPUTS DOUBLE PRECISION Qevanom DOUBLE PRECISION COPnom DOUBLE PRECISION Theatin DOUBLE PRECISION Tchillin DOUBLE PRECISION Tamb DOUBLE PRECISION Tsea DOUBLE PRECISION mheat DOUBLE PRECISION mcool DOUBLE PRECISION mchill ! Other Parameters CHARACTER(70), PARAMETER :: mappaABS ='C:\Program Files\Trnsys16\SourceCode\MySource\mappa_ABS.txt' CHARACTER(70), PARAMETER :: mappaHD ='C:\Program Files\Trnsys16\SourceCode\MySource\mappa_HD.txt' INTEGER i INTEGER j INTEGER k INTEGER m INTEGER n1 INTEGER n2 INTEGER n3 INTEGER m1 INTEGER m2 INTEGER m3 INTEGER NIter INTEGER istatus DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: flowrate_ratio DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: theatin_range DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tcoolin_range DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: flowrate DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tcoolout_range DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(:), ALLOCATABLE :: tsea_range DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: input DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: Qmatrix DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: COPmatrix DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: Dmatrix DOUBLE PRECISION, DIMENSION(:,:,:), ALLOCATABLE :: T2matrix DOUBLE PRECISION Qevaeff DOUBLE PRECISION COPeff DOUBLE PRECISION Qcool DOUBLE PRECISION Qin DOUBLE PRECISION Lnom DOUBLE PRECISION Lratio DOUBLE PRECISION err DOUBLE PRECISION deltaD DOUBLE PRECISION deltaQ DOUBLE PRECISION FreshWater_old DOUBLE PRECISION Tcoolout_old DOUBLE PRECISION Qcool_old DOUBLE PRECISION :: FreshWater = 0.03 DOUBLE PRECISION :: Tcoolin = 30 DOUBLE PRECISION :: Tcoolout = 45 ! DOUBLE PRECISION, EXTERNAL :: LINT3 !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! READ IN THE VALUES OF THE PARAMETERS IN SEQUENTIAL ORDER Cpw=PAR(1) tol=PAR(2) MaxIter=PAR(3) !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! RETRIEVE THE CURRENT VALUES OF THE INPUTS TO THIS MODEL FROM THE XIN ARRAY IN SEQUENTIAL ORDER Qevanom=XIN(1) COPnom=XIN(2) Theatin=XIN(3) Tchillin=XIN(4) Tamb=XIN(5) Tsea=XIN(6) mheat=XIN(7) mcool=XIN(8) mchill=XIN(9) IUNIT=INFO(1) ITYPE=INFO(2) !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! SET THE VERSION INFORMATION FOR TRNSYS IF(INFO(7).EQ.-2) THEN INFO(12)=16 RETURN 1 END IF !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! DO ALL THE VERY LAST CALL OF THE SIMULATION MANIPULATIONS HERE IF (INFO(8).EQ.-1) THEN RETURN 1 END IF !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! PERFORM ANY 'AFTER-ITERATION' MANIPULATIONS THAT ARE REQUIRED HERE ! e.g. save variables to storage array for the next timestep IF (INFO(13).GT.0) THEN NITEMS=0 ! STORED(1)=... (if NITEMS > 0) ! CALL setStorageVars(STORED,NITEMS,INFO) RETURN 1 END IF ! !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! DO ALL THE VERY FIRST CALL OF THE SIMULATION MANIPULATIONS HERE IF (INFO(7).EQ.-1) THEN ! SET SOME INFO ARRAY VARIABLES TO TELL THE TRNSYS ENGINE HOW THIS TYPE IS TO WORK INFO(6)=NOUT INFO(9)=1 INFO(10)=0 !STORAGE FOR VERSION 16 HAS BEEN CHANGED ! SET THE REQUIRED NUMBER OF INPUTS, PARAMETERS AND DERIVATIVES THAT THE USER SHOULD SUPPLY IN THE INPUT FILE ! IN SOME CASES, THE NUMBER OF VARIABLES MAY DEPEND ON THE VALUE OF PARAMETERS TO THIS MODEL.... NIN=NI NPAR=NP NDER=ND ! CALL THE TYPE CHECK SUBROUTINE TO COMPARE WHAT THIS COMPONENT REQUIRES TO WHAT IS SUPPLIED IN ! THE TRNSYS INPUT FILE CALL TYPECK(1,INFO,NIN,NPAR,NDER) ! SET THE NUMBER OF STORAGE SPOTS NEEDED FOR THIS COMPONENT NITEMS=0 ! CALL setStorageSize(NITEMS,INFO) ! RETURN TO THE CALLING PROGRAM RETURN 1 END IF !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! DO ALL OF THE INITIAL TIMESTEP MANIPULATIONS HERE - THERE ARE NO ITERATIONS AT THE INTIAL TIME IF (TIME .LT. (getSimulationStartTime() + getSimulationTimeStep()/2.D0)) THEN ! SET THE UNIT NUMBER FOR FUTURE CALLS IUNIT=INFO(1) ITYPE=INFO(2) ! CHECK THE PARAMETERS FOR PROBLEMS AND RETURN FROM THE SUBROUTINE IF AN ERROR IS FOUND ! IF(...) CALL TYPECK(-4,INFO,0,"BAD PARAMETER #",0) ! PERFORM ANY REQUIRED CALCULATIONS TO SET THE INITIAL VALUES OF THE OUTPUTS HERE ! Qevaeff OUT(1)=0 ! COPeff OUT(2)=0 ! Qcool OUT(3)=0 ! Theatout OUT(4)=0 ! Tcoolin OUT(5)=0 ! Tcoolout OUT(6)=0 ! Tchillout OUT(7)=0 ! FreshWater OUT(8)=0 ! Id OUT(9)=0 ! Overalleff OUT(10)=0 ! SpecEnergy OUT(11)=0 ! Ratio_LG OUT(12)=0 ! PERFORM ANY REQUIRED CALCULATIONS TO SET THE INITIAL STORAGE VARIABLES HERE NITEMS=0 ! STORED(1)=... ! PUT THE STORED ARRAY IN THE GLOBAL STORED ARRAY ! CALL setStorageVars(STORED,NITEMS,INFO) ! RETURN TO THE CALLING PROGRAM RETURN 1 END IF !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! *** ITS AN ITERATIVE CALL TO THIS COMPONENT *** !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! RETRIEVE THE VALUES IN THE STORAGE ARRAY FOR THIS ITERATION ! NITEMS= ! CALL getStorageVars(STORED,NITEMS,INFO) ! STORED(1)= !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! CHECK THE INPUTS FOR PROBLEMS ! IF(...) CALL TYPECK(-3,INFO,'BAD INPUT #',0,0) ! IF(IERROR.GT.0) RETURN 1 !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! *** PERFORM ALL THE CALCULATION HERE FOR THIS MODEL. *** !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! ADD YOUR COMPONENT EQUATIONS HERE; BASICALLY THE EQUATIONS THAT WILL ! CALCULATE THE OUTPUTS BASED ON THE PARAMETERS AND THE INPUTS. REFER TO ! CHAPTER 3 OF THE TRNSYS VOLUME 1 MANUAL FOR DETAILED INFORMATION ON ! WRITING TRNSYS COMPONENTS. ! Reading from mappa_ABS.txt OPEN(1,FILE=mappaABS,STATUS='OLD',ACTION='READ',IOSTAT=istatus) IF(istatus==0) THEN ! the file is open correctly READ(1,*,IOSTAT=istatus)n1,n2,n3 ALLOCATE(flowrate_ratio(n1)) ALLOCATE(theatin_range(n2)) ALLOCATE(tcoolin_range(n3)) ALLOCATE(input(n1*n2*n3,2)) i=1 DO WHILE(i<(n1*n2*n3)+3) SELECT CASE(i) CASE(1) READ(1,*,IOSTAT=istatus)flowrate_ratio(:) i=i+1 CASE(2) READ(1,*,IOSTAT=istatus)theatin_range(:) i=i+1 CASE(3) READ(1,*,IOSTAT=istatus)tcoolin_range(:) i=i+1 CASE DEFAULT READ(1,*,IOSTAT=istatus)input(i-3,:) IF(istatus/=0) THEN WRITE(*,*) 'The file ', mappaABS, ' is not complete' EXIT END IF i=i+1 END SELECT END DO CLOSE(1) ELSE WRITE(*,*) 'The file ', mappaABS, ' does not exist' END IF ALLOCATE(Qmatrix(n2,n3,n1)) ALLOCATE(COPmatrix(n2,n3,n1)) m=1; DO i=1,n1 DO j=1,n2 DO k=1,n3 Qmatrix(j,k,i)=input(m,1) COPmatrix(j,k,i)=input(m,2) m=m+1 END DO END DO END DO DEALLOCATE(input) Qcool=Qevanom/COPnom+Qevanom Lnom=(Qcool*191)/3575 Lratio=mcool/Lnom ! Reading from mappa_HD.txt OPEN(1,FILE=mappaHD,STATUS='OLD',ACTION='READ',IOSTAT=istatus) IF(istatus==0) THEN ! the file is open correctly READ(1,*,IOSTAT=istatus)m1,m2,m3 ALLOCATE(flowrate(m1)) ALLOCATE(tcoolout_range(m2)) ALLOCATE(tsea_range(m3)) ALLOCATE(input(m1*m2*m3,2)) i=1 DO WHILE(i<(m1*m2*m3)+3) SELECT CASE(i) CASE(1) READ(1,*,IOSTAT=istatus)flowrate(:) i=i+1 CASE(2) READ(1,*,IOSTAT=istatus)tcoolout_range(:) i=i+1 CASE(3) READ(1,*,IOSTAT=istatus)tsea_range(:) i=i+1 CASE DEFAULT READ(1,*,IOSTAT=istatus)input(i-3,:) IF(istatus/=0) THEN WRITE(*,*) 'The file ', mappaHD, ' is not complete' EXIT END IF i=i+1 END SELECT END DO CLOSE(1) ELSE WRITE(*,*) 'The file ', mappaHD, ' does not exist' END IF ALLOCATE(Dmatrix(m2,m3,m1)) ALLOCATE(T2matrix(m2,m3,m1)) m=1; DO i=1,m1 DO j=1,m2 DO k=1,m3 Dmatrix(j,k,i)=input(m,1) T2matrix(j,k,i)=input(m,2) m=m+1 END DO END DO END DO DEALLOCATE(input) ! Resolution of the System err=1; NIter=0; DO WHILE(err>=tol.AND.NIter0.01) IF(Tcoolout==Tcoolin) THEN FreshWater=0 Tcoolin=Tsea Tcoolout=Tsea deltaD=0 ELSE FreshWater_old=FreshWater FreshWater=LINT3(m2,m3,m1,tcoolout_range,& tsea_range,flowrate,Dmatrix,Tcoolout,Tsea,mcool) Tcoolin=lint3(m2,m3,m1,tcoolout_range,tsea_range,& flowrate,T2matrix,Tcoolout,Tsea,mcool) deltaD=ABS((FreshWater_old-FreshWater)/FreshWater_old) END IF END DO Tcoolout_old=Tcoolout ! Chiller deltaQ=1 DO WHILE(deltaQ>0.01) IF(Theatintheatin_range(n2)) THEN Theatin=theatin_range(n2) END IF Qcool_old=Qcool Qevaeff=lint3(n2,n3,n1,theatin_range,tcoolin_range,& flowrate_ratio,Qmatrix,Theatin,Tcoolin,Lratio) Qevaeff=Qevaeff*Qevanom COPeff=lint3(n2,n3,n1,theatin_range,tcoolin_range,& flowrate_ratio,COPmatrix,Theatin,Tcoolin,Lratio) Qcool=Qevaeff/COPeff+Qevaeff Tcoolout=Tcoolin+Qcool/(mcool*Cpw) Qin=Qcool/(1+COPeff) deltaQ=ABS((Qcool_old-Qcool)/Qcool_old) END IF END DO err=ABS(Tcoolout_old-Tcoolout) NIter=NIter+1 END DO DEALLOCATE(flowrate_ratio) DEALLOCATE(theatin_range) DEALLOCATE(tcoolin_range) DEALLOCATE(Qmatrix) DEALLOCATE(COPmatrix) DEALLOCATE(flowrate) DEALLOCATE(tcoolout_range) DEALLOCATE(tsea_range) DEALLOCATE(Dmatrix) DEALLOCATE(T2matrix) !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! SET THE STORAGE ARRAY AT THE END OF THIS ITERATION IF NECESSARY ! NITEMS= ! STORED(1)= ! CALL setStorageVars(STORED,NITEMS,INFO) !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! REPORT ANY PROBLEMS THAT HAVE BEEN FOUND USING CALLS LIKE THIS: ! CALL MESSAGES(-1,'put your message here','MESSAGE',IUNIT,ITYPE) ! CALL MESSAGES(-1,'put your message here','WARNING',IUNIT,ITYPE) ! CALL MESSAGES(-1,'put your message here','SEVERE',IUNIT,ITYPE) ! CALL MESSAGES(-1,'put your message here','FATAL',IUNIT,ITYPE) !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! SET THE OUTPUTS FROM THIS MODEL IN SEQUENTIAL ORDER AND GET OUT ! Qevaeff OUT(1)=Qevaeff ! COPeff OUT(2)=COPeff ! Qcool OUT(3)=Qcool ! Theatout OUT(4)=Theatin-Qin/(Cpw*mheat) ! Tcoolin OUT(5)=Tcoolin ! Tcoolout OUT(6)=Tcoolout ! Tchillout OUT(7)=Tchillin-Qevaeff/(Cpw*mchill) ! FreshWater OUT(8)=FreshWater ! Id OUT(9)=(FreshWater*310)/Qevaeff ! Overalleff OUT(10)=(Qevaeff+FreshWater*310)/Qin ! SpecEnergy OUT(11)=Qcool/(FreshWater*3.6) ! Ratio_LG OUT(12)=1 !----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ! EVERYTHING IS DONE - RETURN FROM THIS SUBROUTINE AND MOVE ON RETURN 1 CONTAINS DOUBLE PRECISION FUNCTION LINT3(NX,NY,NZ,X,Y,Z,W,X1,Y1,Z1) INTEGER :: NX,NY,NZ !dimensioni dei vettori X, Y DOUBLE PRECISION,DIMENSION(NX) :: X !vettore ascisse della griglia DOUBLE PRECISION,DIMENSION(NY) :: Y !vettore ordinate della griglia DOUBLE PRECISION,DIMENSION(NZ) :: Z !vettore ordinata complessa della griglia DOUBLE PRECISION,DIMENSION(NX,NY,NZ):: W !iper-superficie da interpolare DOUBLE PRECISION :: X1,Y1,Z1 !coordinate di interpolazione INTEGER :: IMIN,JMIN,KMIN !valori coordinate estremo inferiore di interpolazione INTEGER :: I !valori di interpolazione parziale DOUBLE PRECISION :: w11,w12,w21,w22 DOUBLE PRECISION :: w1,w2 IMIN=0 JMIN=0 KMIN=0 !individuazione dell'estremo inferiore !(le ascisse e le ordinate siano vettori di elementi a valore crescente) IF (IMIN==0) THEN DO I=1,NX IF (X(I)>X1) THEN IMIN=I-1 EXIT END IF END DO END IF IF (JMIN==0) THEN DO I=1,NY IF(Y(I)>Y1) THEN JMIN=I-1 EXIT END IF END DO END IF IF (KMIN==0) THEN DO I=1,NZ IF(Z(I)>Z1) THEN KMIN=I-1 EXIT END IF END DO END IF IF (IMIN*JMIN*KMIN==0)THEN WRITE(*,*)"Out of boundary" LINT3=-111.111 RETURN END IF !interpolazioni parziali w11=W(IMIN,JMIN,KMIN)+(X1-X(IMIN))*(W(IMIN+1,JMIN,KMIN)-W(IMIN,JMIN,KMIN))/(X(IMIN+1)-X(IMIN)) w12=W(IMIN,JMIN+1,KMIN)+(X1-X(IMIN))*(W(IMIN+1,JMIN+1,KMIN)-W(IMIN,JMIN+1,KMIN))/(X(IMIN+1)-X(IMIN)) w1=w11+(Y1-Y(JMIN))*(w12-w11)/(Y(JMIN+1)-Y(JMIN)) w21=W(IMIN,JMIN,KMIN+1)+(X1-X(IMIN))*(W(IMIN+1,JMIN,KMIN+1)-W(IMIN,JMIN,KMIN+1))/(X(IMIN+1)-X(IMIN)) w22=W(IMIN,JMIN+1,KMIN+1)+(X1-X(IMIN))*(W(IMIN+1,JMIN+1,KMIN+1)-W(IMIN,JMIN+1,KMIN+1))/(X(IMIN+1)-X(IMIN)) w2=w21+(Y1-Y(JMIN))*(w22-w21)/(Y(JMIN+1)-Y(JMIN)) LINT3=w1+(Z1-Z(KMIN))*(w2-w1)/(Z(KMIN+1)-Z(KMIN)) RETURN END FUNCTION END !-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------