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    <p>Julien, <br>
    </p>
    <p>I think we should take this offline as it's getting into the
      weeds.</p>
    <p>Joe<br>
    </p>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="90">Joe Huang
White Box Technologies, Inc.
346 Rheem Blvd., Suite 205A
Moraga CA 94556
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com">http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com</a> for simulation-ready weather data
(o) (925)388-0265
(c) (510)928-2683
"building energy simulations at your fingertips"
</pre>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 12/9/2017 6:21 AM, Julien Marrec
      <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:julien.marrec@gmail.com">julien.marrec@gmail.com</a> [EnergyPlus_Support] wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAEqKKtzawzXMZUzRhHriDk3mDYzgS3YMZna8mkSyaNq5EPzgsg@mail.gmail.com">
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                          <div>Joe,<br>
                            <br>
                          </div>
                          Thanks for sharing these. The other day I went
                          looking for the MKAFT and PKAFT, but realized
                          I could only find them as a windows exe so I
                          gave up on this (I could have installed them
                          on linux using WineHQ but I didn't care
                          enough).<br>
                        </div>
                        <div>I was able to quickly compile these as a
                          Unix exe using gfortan, and I can at least run
                          them.<br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                        </div>
                        I tried out of the curiosity to see how I could
                        port this to python, but this isn't going to
                        happen for me (at least not without someone
                        explaining very simply what the code does): I
                        generally dislike Fortan syntax <u>very much </u>so
                        I never got into it, and while I can generally
                        follow scientific fortran about fine, the I/O
                        stuff is really incomprehensible to me. <br>
                        So far I was just able to figure out how to
                        unpack the IWID and IWYR, after 30 minutes of
                        scratcthing my head, the rest I get numbers but
                        they don't match (I'm trying to read 4 bytes as
                        an int for WLAT, WLONG, etc)<br>
                        I also have never really dealt with packed
                        binary files (seems to me like it's completely
                        unnecessary nowadays that we have gigabytes of
                        RAM and plently of disk space). At least I
                        learned some new vocabulary, such as Hollerith
                        strings (which I found out later, the fortran
                        compiler itself told me it's deprecated)<br>
                        <br>
                      </div>
                      I don't understand this in wthfm2Mleapyr.f:<br>
                      <br>
                      DO 100 IM1=1,12<br>
                            READ (10)
                      (IWDID(I),I=1,5),IWYR,WLAT,WLONG,IWTZN,LRECX,NUMDAY,<br>
                           _          CLN(IM1),GT(IM1),IWSOL<br>
                            READ (10) IDUM<br>
                    </div>
                    100 CONTINUE<br>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                  </div>
                  Is the format expected in the binary file 20 chars
                  followed by 6 integers
                  (IWYR,WLAT,WLONG,IWTZN,LRECX,NUMDAY,) + 12 integers
                  (CLN) + 12 integers (GT) + 1 integer (IWSOL) + 1
                  integer (IDUM)?<br>
                  <br>
                </div>
                I've tried this in python:<br>
                <br>
                import struct<br>
                with open('AK_BARROW-W-POST-W-ROGERS-AP_700260_12.BINM',
                'rb') as f:<br>
                    bindata = f.read()<br>
                fmt = '20s6i12i12iii'<br>
                start_pos = 4 # Apparently I have to skip the first 4
                bytes.<br>
                end_pos = start_pos + struct.calcsize(fmt)<br>
                struct.unpack(fmt, bindata[start_pos:end_pos])<br>
                <br>
                <br>
              </div>
              Which give me this, and it doesn't seem to match the
              WEATHER.FMTM file generated by the fortran utility:<br>
              <br>
              <pre>(b'BARROW-W-POST700260 ',
 2012,
 1116639068,
 1125960909,
 9,
 1,
 31,
 1063675494,
 1139180158,
 5,
 9849418,
 328,
 200,
 98569,
 9849418,
 583,
 200,
 98567,
 9915211,
 648,
 327,
 100618,
 9850960,
 648,
 326,
 106761,
 9851217,
 9,
 326,
 106764,
 9851475,
 649,
 454)</pre>
              <div>
                <div><br>
                  <br>
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <div>
                        <div>Cheers,</div>
                        <div>Julien<br>
                        </div>
                        <div><br>
                          <br>
                          <br>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div class="gmail_extra"><br clear="all">
              <div>
                <div class="gmail_signature" data="gmail_signature">
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                    <div>
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                          <div dir="ltr">
                            <div>--<br>
                              Julien Marrec, EBCP, BPI MFBA<br>
                              Owner at <a href="http://www.effibem.com"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">EffiBEM</a><br>
                              T: +33 6 95 14 42 13<br>
                              <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);"><br>
                              </span><span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);">LinkedIn
                                (<a
                                  href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/julienmarrec"
                                  target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">en</a>)<span
                                  style="color:rgb(0,0,0);"> <i>| </i></span>(<a
href="https://fr.linkedin.com/in/julienmarrec/fr" target="_blank"
                                  moz-do-not-send="true">fr</a>) : </span><br>
                              <span style="color:rgb(0,0,0);"></span></div>
                          </div>
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              <br>
              <div class="gmail_quote">2017-12-09 4:23 GMT+01:00 Joe
                Huang <span dir="ltr"><<a
                    href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                    target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com</a>></span>:<br>
                <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left:1px
                  #ccc solid;">
                  <div text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
                    <p>Julien,</p>
                    <p>When I first read your post, I had the wrong
                      impression that the python script was
                      disassembling (unpacking) the binary *.BINM file,
                      which would be quite an achievement since I hadn't
                      documented yet the packing procedure for the extra
                      precision, nor have the original packing been
                      explained anywhere but in the actual Fortran
                      source code.</p>
                    <p>After looking at the python script, I then
                      realized it was reading the ASCII dump of the
                      weather file, which I've said had a embarrassing
                      glitch in my unpacking :-)</p>
                    <p>The original packing/unpacking can be seen in the
                      Fortran code of the fmtwth2.f and wthfmt2.f 
                      programs that are part of the DOE-2 release
                      package.  In DOE-2.2, the same two programs have
                      been renamed as  MKAFT and PKAFT.  My additions
                      can be seen in the Fortran code of the fmtwth2M.f
                      and wthfmt2mleapyr.f but please be warned that I
                      need to figure out the mysterious extra line I
                      found that was throwing off the solar radiation in
                      November and December.  The source code for all 4
                      programs are attached, in case anyone wants to
                      port them to python<br>
                    </p>
                    <span class="">
                      <p>Joe<br>
                      </p>
                      <pre class="m_-8754494293076800014moz-signature" cols="90">Joe Huang
White Box Technologies, Inc.
346 Rheem Blvd., Suite 205A
Moraga CA 94556
<a class="m_-8754494293076800014moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.<wbr>com</a>
<a class="m_-8754494293076800014moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://weather.<wbr>whiteboxtechnologies.com</a> for simulation-ready weather data
(o) (925)388-0265
(c) (510)928-2683
"building energy simulations at your fingertips"
</pre>
                    </span>
                    <div>
                      <div class="h5">
                        <div
                          class="m_-8754494293076800014moz-cite-prefix">On
                          12/8/2017 6:24 AM, Jones, Christopher wrote:<br>
                        </div>
                        <blockquote type="cite">
                          <div
                            class="m_-8754494293076800014WordSection1">
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Thank you Sir!</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span> </span></b></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Christopher
                                  R. Jones</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">,
                                P.Eng.</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Technical
                                Specialist</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Sustainability
                                & Energy</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span><img
                                  id="m_-8754494293076800014Picture_x0020_15"
src="cid:part7.1E080B65.C0D55422@whiteboxtechnologies.com" class=""
                                  height="37" width="78"></span><span></span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>T <a
                                  href="tel:+1%20416-644-0252"
                                  value="+14166440252" target="_blank"
                                  moz-do-not-send="true">+1 416-644-0252</a></span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>2300 Yonge
                                Street, Suite 2300</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Toronto, ON M4P
                                1E4 Canada</span><span lang="EN-GB"><br>
                                <br>
                              </span><span></span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span><a
                                  moz-do-not-send="true"><span>wsp.com</span></a></span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><u><span lang="EN-CA"><span> </span></span></u></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span> </span></b></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span>Please
                                  consider the environment before
                                  printing...</span></i></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span>From:</span></b><span>
                                Julien Marrec [<a
                                  class="m_-8754494293076800014moz-txt-link-freetext"
                                  href="mailto:julien.marrec@gmail.com"
                                  target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">mailto:julien.marrec@gmail.<wbr>com</a>]
                                <br>
                                <b>Sent:</b> Friday, December 08, 2017
                                9:22 AM<br>
                                <b>To:</b> Jones, Christopher <a
                                  class="m_-8754494293076800014moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:Christopher.r.Jones@wsp.com" target="_blank"
                                  moz-do-not-send="true"><Christopher.r.Jones@wsp.com></a><br>
                                <b>Cc:</b> Joe Huang <a
                                  class="m_-8754494293076800014moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com" target="_blank"
                                  moz-do-not-send="true"><yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.<wbr>com></a>;
                                EnergyPlus_Support <a
                                  class="m_-8754494293076800014moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:EnergyPlus_Support@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank"
                                  moz-do-not-send="true"><EnergyPlus_Support@<wbr>yahoogroups.com></a>;
                                Javed Iqbal <a
                                  class="m_-8754494293076800014moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
                                  href="mailto:eee.javed@gmail.com"
                                  target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><eee.javed@gmail.com></a>;
                                <a
                                  class="m_-8754494293076800014moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:eQUEST-users@onebuilding.org" target="_blank"
                                  moz-do-not-send="true">eQUEST-users@onebuilding.org</a><br>
                                <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Answers
                                Re: Test your knowledge of simulation
                                weather file formats Part 1: the DOE-2
                                *.BIN/*.BINM format</span></p>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal">Christopher,</p>
                                      </div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal">This is a
                                        jupyter notebook. See <a
                                          href="http://jupyter.org/"
                                          target="_blank"
                                          moz-do-not-send="true">
                                          http://jupyter.org/</a>.</p>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal">You can do "pip
                                      install jupyter" then start a
                                      server with "jupyter notebook" in
                                      a terminal, navigate to the
                                      location of the ipynb file and
                                      open it up. Then you can just run
                                      it there, cell by cell
                                      interactively (CTRL+ENTER to run a
                                      cell).</p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal">This is
                                      **hugely** helpful in anything
                                      that has to do with data analysis,
                                      because it allows for interactive
                                      exploring. I strongly suggest you
                                      try it out.</p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal">Note that if
                                      you have installed a scientific
                                      python distro such as Anaconda,
                                      you should already have it
                                      installed.</p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                  </div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">You can also
                                    download this as a python file from
                                    the notebook, which I've done out of
                                    convenience for you (see attached).</p>
                                </div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">Best,</p>
                              </div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">Julien</p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
                              </p>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal">--<br>
                                                Julien Marrec, EBCP, BPI
                                                MFBA<br>
                                                Owner at <a
                                                  href="http://www.effibem.com"
                                                  target="_blank"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">EffiBEM</a><br>
                                                T: <a
                                                  href="tel:06%2095%2014%2042%2013"
                                                  value="+33695144213"
                                                  target="_blank"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">+33
                                                  6 95 14 42 13</a><br>
                                                <span><br>
                                                  LinkedIn (<a
                                                    href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/julienmarrec"
                                                    target="_blank"
                                                    moz-do-not-send="true">en</a>)
                                                  <i>| </i>(<a
                                                    href="https://fr.linkedin.com/in/julienmarrec/fr"
                                                    target="_blank"
                                                    moz-do-not-send="true">fr</a>)
                                                  : </span></p>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">2017-12-08 14:26
                                  GMT+01:00 Jones, Christopher <<a
                                    href="mailto:Christopher.r.Jones@wsp.com"
                                    target="_blank"
                                    moz-do-not-send="true">Christopher.r.Jones@wsp.com</a>>:</p>
                                <blockquote>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Julien,</span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Thank
                                          you for the Python code. One
                                          question – how do you download
                                          just the code without the .png
                                          data in the file?</span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span> </span></b></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                                            lang="EN-GB">Christopher R.
                                            Jones</span></b><span
                                          lang="EN-GB">, P.Eng.</span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                          lang="EN-GB">Technical
                                          Specialist</span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                          lang="EN-GB">Sustainability
                                          & Energy</span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span><img
                                            id="m_-8754494293076800014m_-2085549477788428701Picture_x0020_15"
src="cid:part7.1E080B65.C0D55422@whiteboxtechnologies.com" class=""
                                            height="37" width="78"></span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span>T <a
                                            href="tel:+1%20416-644-0252"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">+1
                                            416-644-0252</a></span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span><a
href="https://maps.google.com/?q=2300+Yonge+Street,+Suite+2300%0D+Toronto,+ON+M4P+1E4+Canada&entry=gmail&source=g"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">2300
                                            Yonge Street, Suite 2300</a></span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span><a
href="https://maps.google.com/?q=2300+Yonge+Street,+Suite+2300%0D+Toronto,+ON+M4P+1E4+Canada&entry=gmail&source=g"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">Toronto,
                                            ON M4P 1E4 Canada</a></span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span><a
                                            href="http://wsp.com"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true"><span>wsp.com</span></a></span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                          lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> <b><span> </span></b></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> <i><span>Please
                                            consider the environment
                                            before printing...</span></i></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                                          lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span>From:</span></b><span>
                                          Bldg-sim [mailto:<a
                                            href="mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">bldg-sim-bounces@<wbr>lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
                                          <b>On Behalf Of </b>Julien
                                          Marrec via Bldg-sim<br>
                                          <b>Sent:</b> Thursday,
                                          December 07, 2017 7:02 AM<br>
                                          <b>To:</b> Joe Huang <<a
                                            href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.<wbr>com</a>><br>
                                          <b>Cc:</b> EnergyPlus_Support
                                          <<a
                                            href="mailto:EnergyPlus_Support@yahoogroups.com"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">EnergyPlus_Support@<wbr>yahoogroups.com</a>>;
                                          Javed Iqbal <<a
                                            href="mailto:eee.javed@gmail.com"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">eee.javed@gmail.com</a>>;
                                          <a
                                            href="mailto:eQUEST-users@onebuilding.org"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">eQUEST-users@onebuilding.org</a>;
                                          BLDG-SIM <<a
                                            href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.<wbr>org</a>><br>
                                          <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim]
                                          Answers Re: Test your
                                          knowledge of simulation
                                          weather file formats Part 1:
                                          the DOE-2 *.BIN/*.BINM format</span></p>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal">Joe,</p>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal">This
                                                    was fun, thanks for
                                                    putting it together,
                                                    I'm looking forward
                                                    to the next one. </p>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal">I
                                                      have to say that
                                                      I'm impressed by
                                                      Aaron's knowledge
                                                      and level of
                                                      detail, and it's
                                                      not the first
                                                      time.</p>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal">I've
                                                  used Python to parse
                                                  your hourly dump and
                                                  visualize it, as well
                                                  as comparing with the
                                                  Barrow EPW (converting
                                                  your hourly dump to SI
                                                  Units). I've posted
                                                  that on Github, where
                                                  you can already look
                                                  at the code + graphs
                                                  since it's in a
                                                  jupyter notebook, but
                                                  you could also
                                                  download it and run it
                                                  on your machine. My
                                                  hope is that I'll
                                                  convert one or two
                                                  members of this list
                                                  to coding :) </p>
                                              </div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal">For
                                                  the record, the actual
                                                  parsing of the hourly
                                                  dump into a usable
                                                  format
                                                  (pandas.DataFrame)
                                                  took me about 5
                                                  minutes and 16 lines
                                                  of code (it was a very
                                                  simple one though).<br>
                                                  <a
href="https://github.com/jmarrec/BINM_Challenge/blob/master/Analyse_BINM.ipynb"
                                                    target="_blank"
                                                    moz-do-not-send="true">https://github.com/jmarrec/<wbr>BINM_Challenge/blob/master/<wbr>Analyse_BINM.ipynb</a></p>
                                              </div>
                                              <div>
                                                <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                              </div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal">Cheers,</p>
                                            </div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal">Julien</p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
                                            </p>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">--<br>
                                                          Julien Marrec,
                                                          EBCP, BPI MFBA<br>
                                                          Owner at <a
                                                          href="http://www.effibem.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">EffiBEM</a><br>
                                                          T: <a
                                                          href="tel:06%2095%2014%2042%2013"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">+33 6 95 14 42 13</a><br>
                                                          <span><br>
                                                          LinkedIn (<a
                                                          href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/julienmarrec"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">en</a>) <i>| </i>(<a
                                                          href="https://fr.linkedin.com/in/julienmarrec/fr"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">fr</a>) : </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal">2017-12-07
                                                10:40 GMT+01:00 Joe
                                                Huang <<a
                                                  href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                                                  target="_blank"
                                                  moz-do-not-send="true">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.<wbr>com</a>>:</p>
                                              <blockquote>
                                                <div>
                                                  <p class="MsoNormal">I
                                                    got a total of five
                                                    responses,  all of
                                                    which are attached
                                                    at the end of this
                                                    e-mail.  Although I
                                                    was focusing on the
                                                    FORMAT of the *.BIN
                                                    weather file, most
                                                    of the respondents
                                                    focused on the data
                                                    instead, and to my
                                                    chagrin more
                                                    intensely than I
                                                    have, esp. Julien
                                                    who pointed out an
                                                    anomaly in the
                                                    direct normal
                                                    radiation that made
                                                    me gasp and go back
                                                    into my file and
                                                    processing
                                                    procedures.  Kudos
                                                    to Julien for
                                                    spotting that, but
                                                    I'll explain what
                                                    happened there
                                                    following his e-mail
                                                    attached below.</p>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <p>The three answers
                                                      I was seeking are:</p>
                                                    <p>(1) <b>The
                                                        weather file is
                                                        for a location
                                                        above the Arctic
                                                        Circle</b>,
                                                      which would make
                                                      DOE-2.1E crash due
                                                      to a bug in the
                                                      shading
                                                      calculation but
                                                      not in DOE-2.2
                                                      which fixed this
                                                      bug in 2004.  The
                                                      point here is that
                                                      this is a problem
                                                      in DOE-2.1E but
                                                      NOT in the *.BIN
                                                      format, except it
                                                      might seem that
                                                      way because the
                                                      DOE-2 weather
                                                      packer also
                                                      crashes because it
                                                      uses the same
                                                      shading routine to
                                                      generate the
                                                      weather
                                                      statistics.</p>
                                                    <p>(2) <b>The
                                                        weather file is
                                                        for a leap year
                                                        with the output
                                                        file showing
                                                        Feb. 29th</b>. 
                                                      I've heard many
                                                      people say that
                                                      DOE-2 weather
                                                      files contain only
                                                      365 days, but
                                                      that's absolutely
                                                      not true.  The
                                                      *.BIN format
                                                      stores data for 12
                                                      months of 32 days
                                                      each, or 384
                                                      days!  The reason
                                                      that Feb. 29th
                                                      never shows up in
                                                      a DOE-2 run is
                                                      that the
                                                      developers never
                                                      bothered to reset
                                                      the February day
                                                      count to 29 on
                                                      leap years, even
                                                      though DOE-2
                                                      calculates when
                                                      that's the case. 
                                                      Now that more
                                                      people are running
                                                      DOE-2 with actual
                                                      historical years,
                                                      it's well past
                                                      time for this
                                                      little fix to be
                                                      implemented. </p>
                                                    <p>(3) <b>The
                                                        weather file
                                                        reports shows
                                                        the weather
                                                        parameters to an
                                                        additional
                                                        decimal of
                                                        precision</b>,
                                                      i.e., temperatures
                                                      are to the 0.1F,
                                                      pressures to 0.01
                                                      inches of mercury,
                                                      solar radiation to
                                                      0.1 Btu/sqft, and
                                                      wind speeds to 0.1
                                                      mph.  This
                                                      required a modest
                                                      change to the BIN
                                                      format that I
                                                      implemented as the
                                                      *.BINM (M for
                                                      Modified) starting
                                                      in 2011.  This
                                                      leads to what I
                                                      think is the most
                                                      fascinating part
                                                      about the DOE-2
                                                      *.BIN format that
                                                      was developed in
                                                      the early 1980's
                                                      when computer
                                                      memory was very
                                                      limited. Members
                                                      of the original
                                                      development team
                                                      (Ender Erdem and
                                                      maybe Fred Buhl)
                                                      came up with the
                                                      strategy of
                                                      "packing" the data
                                                      by converting all
                                                      data to integers,
                                                      pack four integers
                                                      into one big
                                                      integer, and then
                                                      store them in the
                                                      file in binary
                                                      form. By so doing
                                                      the *.BIN files
                                                      are only 146K
                                                      (70-80KB zipped),
                                                      whereas other
                                                      formats can be
                                                      well over 1MB
                                                      (200+KB zipped).
                                                      DOE-2 also uses
                                                      the *.BIN format
                                                      to improve
                                                      execution speed by
                                                      not reading the
                                                      data an hour at a
                                                      time or 8760 ASCII
                                                      reads, but by
                                                      reading 16 day
                                                      chunks at a time
                                                      or 24 binary
                                                      reads  for the
                                                      entire year (which
                                                      also explains why
                                                      the *.BIN format
                                                      contains 24x16 or
                                                      384 days).  </p>
                                                    <p>So now let's look
                                                      at how did our
                                                      contestants do,
                                                      listed in order of
                                                      when I received
                                                      their answers:</p>
                                                    <p>Parag -  0 out of
                                                      3  (he looked
                                                      almost entirely on
                                                      the data, not on
                                                      the format)</p>
                                                    <p>Julien -  1 out
                                                      of 3 (he noticed
                                                      the leap day, but
                                                      also focused his
                                                      attention on the
                                                      data and pointed
                                                      out two problems
                                                      that I will
                                                      address following
                                                      his e-mail  below)</p>
                                                    <p>Aaron - 2 out of
                                                      3 (I was impressed
                                                      that he knew about
                                                      the packing and
                                                      unpacking process,
                                                      but did not notice
                                                      the leap year)</p>
                                                    <p>Javed -  0 out of
                                                      3 (but had a good
                                                      question on why
                                                      DNI (Direct
                                                      Normal) is larger
                                                      than GHI (Global
                                                      Horizontal) that I
                                                      will answer
                                                      following his
                                                      e-mail below)</p>
                                                    <p>Nathan - 1 out of
                                                      3 (he also noticed
                                                      the leap day, and
                                                      had other
                                                      questions that I
                                                      will answer
                                                      following his
                                                      e-mail below).</p>
                                                    <p>So, nobody
                                                      noticed all three
                                                      answers, but since
                                                      it's the holiday
                                                      season, I will
                                                      make them all
                                                      winners and
                                                      provide a
                                                      historical year
                                                      weather file of
                                                      their choosing.
                                                      Just e-mail me if
                                                      you're interested
                                                      and tell me which
                                                      one you want.</p>
                                                    <p>This has been an
                                                      interesting and
                                                      insightful
                                                      experience for
                                                      me.  I hope others
                                                      also found it
                                                      entertaining and
                                                      useful, as well. 
                                                      I've learned that
                                                      (1) think twice
                                                      before coming out
                                                      with a flawed
                                                      contest rule, (2)
                                                      look over more
                                                      times whatever I
                                                      put out on the
                                                      Web.</p>
                                                    <p>(please be sure
                                                      to read the
                                                      contestant's
                                                      submittals and my
                                                      responses below)</p>
                                                    <p>Joe</p>
                                                    <pre>Joe Huang</pre>
                                                    <pre>White Box Technologies, Inc.</pre>
                                                    <pre><a href="https://maps.google.com/?q=346+Rheem+Blvd.,+Suite+205A%0D+Moraga+CA+94556&entry=gmail&source=g" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">346 Rheem Blvd., Suite 205A</a></pre>
                                                    <pre><a href="https://maps.google.com/?q=346+Rheem+Blvd.,+Suite+205A%0D+Moraga+CA+94556&entry=gmail&source=g" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">Moraga CA 94556</a></pre>
                                                    <pre><a href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.<wbr>com</a></pre>
                                                    <pre><a href="http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://weather.<wbr>whiteboxtechnologies.com</a> for simulation-ready weather data</pre>
                                                    <pre>(o) (925)388-0265</pre>
                                                    <pre>(c) (510)928-2683</pre>
                                                    <pre>"building energy simulations at your fingertips"</pre>
                                                    <p>Attached e-mails 
                                                      follow in the same
                                                      order (only final
                                                      e-mails shown)
                                                      ------------------------------<wbr>-----------------------------</p>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal">On
                                                        12/5/2017 11:24
                                                        PM, Parag
                                                        Rastogi wrote:</p>
                                                    </div>
                                                    <blockquote>
                                                      <pre>Hi Joe,</pre>
                                                      <pre> </pre>
                                                      <pre>Don't know anything about the DOE-2 platform, but here's my take on the meteorological "oddities". Thanks for organising this challenge - it's really cool!</pre>
                                                      <pre> </pre>
                                                      <pre>1. A large part of the year has zero sun while the other part has sun for 24 hours.</pre>
                                                      <pre>2. The humidity is _really_ high - the WBT and DBT are mostly within a degree of each other. Don’t know if DOE-2 has a problem with that?</pre>
                                                      <pre>3. In the summer months, the direct normal is sometimes larger than global solar. That is really odd!</pre>
                                                      <pre>4. I would not live here - Glasgow winters are bad enough.</pre>
                                                      <pre> </pre>
                                                      <pre>Parag</pre>
                                                    </blockquote>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal">YJH
                                                      answer:   Yes, I
                                                      picked Barrow on
                                                      purpose to show
                                                      that the *.BIN
                                                      format still works
                                                      for places above
                                                      the Arctic Circle
                                                      or below the
                                                      Antarctic Circle. 
                                                      RH is generally
                                                      very high in
                                                      frigid climates
                                                      because the cold
                                                      air cannot hold
                                                      much moisture
                                                      (that's why
                                                      there's always
                                                      frost in your
                                                      refrigerators!). 
                                                      The DNI can often
                                                      be greater than
                                                      the GHI at low sun
                                                      angles, since the
                                                      DNI is calculated
                                                      normal to the sun,
                                                      while the GHI is
                                                      calculated for a
                                                      flat horizontal
                                                      plane.  Yes, stay
                                                      in Glasgow or at
                                                      least don't go to
                                                      Barrow in place of
                                                      Glasgow.<br>
                                                      <br>
                                                      On 12/6/2017 6:35
                                                      AM, Julien Marrec
                                                      wrote:</p>
                                                    <blockquote>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Hi
                                                          Joe,</p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Replying
                                                          off the
                                                          mailing list,
                                                          since it would
                                                          kinda beat the
                                                          point of
                                                          "first 5 to
                                                          find the
                                                          error"
                                                          otherwise.</p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">1.
                                                          There is a
                                                          29th of
                                                          February, but
                                                          1912 was
                                                          indeed a leap
                                                          year, so I'm
                                                          not sure
                                                          whether that
                                                          qualifies for
                                                          a bug (can't
                                                          remember how
                                                          eQuest/DOE
                                                          deal with leap
                                                          year weather
                                                          files).</p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">2.
                                                          There is an
                                                          unsual peak of
                                                          Global Solar
                                                          radiation mid
                                                          November (11
                                                          to 18th) while
                                                          the Direct
                                                          Normal stays
                                                          at zero. The
                                                          peak has
                                                          values at 400
                                                          BTU-HR/SQFT
                                                          while the max
                                                          is 250 for the
                                                          rest of the
                                                          year. 400
                                                          means 1250
                                                          Wh/m2, which
                                                          is just short
                                                          of what the
                                                          Extraterrestrial
                                                          Direct Normal
                                                          Solar
                                                          Radiation is.</p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">In
                                                          IP units:</p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><img
id="m_-8754494293076800014m_-2085549477788428701_x005f_x0000_i1025"
                                                          src="cid:part43.164BEDC8.19241683@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                                                          alt="Images
                                                          intégrées 1"
                                                          class=""
                                                          height="513"
                                                          width="936"></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">I
                                                          don't see any
                                                          problem with
                                                          the
                                                          Atmospheric
                                                          pressure, not
                                                          the relative
                                                          humidity I
                                                          computed with
                                                          Db, Wb and
                                                          Atm. Wetbulb
                                                          and drybulb
                                                          are where I
                                                          expect them
                                                          for this
                                                          location
                                                          (checked
                                                          against the
                                                          EPW file for
                                                          the same
                                                          location too).</p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">So
                                                          I'm not sure
                                                          what's the 3rd
                                                          problem, I'd
                                                          say that it's
                                                          probably not a
                                                          good idea to
                                                          live there
                                                          unless you <b>really</b>
                                                          like cold
                                                          weather?</p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Best,</p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Julien</p>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">--</p>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Julien
                                                          Marrec, EBCP,
                                                          BPI MFBA<br>
                                                          Owner at <a
                                                          href="http://www.effibem.com"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">EffiBEM</a><br>
                                                          T: <a
                                                          href="tel:06%2095%2014%2042%2013"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">+33 6 95 14 42 13</a></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </blockquote>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal">YJH
                                                      answer: I was
                                                      embarrassed that
                                                      you noticed the
                                                      input echo has
                                                      1912 instead of
                                                      2012, which was
                                                      because DOE-2.1E
                                                      was not Y2K
                                                      compliant, so I
                                                      had to set the
                                                      year to 1912 in
                                                      order for DOE-2.1E
                                                      to run.  I was
                                                      further more
                                                      astonished to see
                                                      the wierd spike of
                                                      GHI in November,
                                                      which wasn't there
                                                      in the actual
                                                      weather file (see
                                                      below).  <br>
                                                      <img
                                                        id="m_-8754494293076800014m_-2085549477788428701_x005f_x0000_i1026"
src="cid:part46.B2DD0546.21EB027C@whiteboxtechnologies.com" class=""
                                                        height="291"
                                                        width="486"><img
id="m_-8754494293076800014m_-2085549477788428701_x005f_x0000_i1027"
                                                        src="cid:part47.43AEC921.E471D131@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                                                        class=""
                                                        height="291"
                                                        width="486"><br>
                                                      <br>
                                                      Since DOE-2.1E
                                                      can't run with
                                                      this weather file,
                                                      I used a version
                                                      that I modified
                                                      that took care of
                                                      the high latitude
                                                      problem as well as
                                                      adding the extra
                                                      precision.  When I
                                                      checked the
                                                      Fortran source
                                                      code, I found this
                                                      extra line
                                                      (<<<) 
                                                      that I have no
                                                      memory of ever
                                                      inserting nor why
                                                      I did so (sound
                                                      like a politician,
                                                      don't I ? :-) ). <br>
                                                            DO 500
                                                      I=1,14<br>
                                                            CALC(I) =
                                                      FLOAT(IWTH(I))*XMASK(I,2)
                                                      + XMASK(I,1)<br>
                                                            IF (I.LE.2)
CALC(I)=CALC(I)+IWTH2(I)/10.<br>
                                                            IF
                                                      (I.EQ.11.OR.I.EQ.12)
CALC(I)=CALC(I)+IWTH2(I-8)/10.<wbr>   <<< ???<br>
                                                        500 CONTINUE<br>
                                                      So, if you believe
                                                      my story, this
                                                      spike in GHI was
                                                      the result of my
                                                      unpacking routine
                                                      and not in the
                                                      weather file
                                                      itself.  A curious
                                                      thing with the
                                                      solar in such
                                                      Arctic locations
                                                      is that the GHI is
                                                      above 0 for all
                                                      hours over two
                                                      months  (see
                                                      central bottom of
                                                      the left plot),
                                                      indicating  the
                                                      proverbial
                                                      midnight sun
                                                      during the summer.</p>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal">On
                                                        12/6/2017 9:05
                                                        AM, Aaron Powers
                                                        wrote:</p>
                                                    </div>
                                                    <blockquote>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Hey
                                                          Joe, </p>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Here's
                                                          what I could
                                                          find.  It's
                                                          really 2
                                                          things since
                                                          the first 2
                                                          and last 2 are
                                                          related.</p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">1.
                                                          Normal DOE2
                                                          binary weather
                                                          files are made
                                                          up of 24
                                                          records of
                                                          6208 bytes
                                                          each.  So each
                                                          file is
                                                          roughly 145
                                                          kB.  Your file
                                                          is 182 kB, so
                                                          each of the 24
                                                          records is
                                                          7744 bytes in
                                                          length.  I'm
                                                          not sure what
                                                          you have in
                                                          the extra
                                                          bytes, but the
                                                          first 6208
                                                          bytes of each
                                                          record is
                                                          exactly as you
                                                          would expect
                                                          in a DOE2
                                                          packed file. 
                                                          So I am able
                                                          to read the
                                                          .bin file by
                                                          just ignoring
                                                          the bytes
                                                          after 6208 of
                                                          each record.</p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">2.
                                                          You have more
                                                          precision for
                                                          each data
                                                          point.  I'm
                                                          guessing this
                                                          must be tied
                                                          up to the
                                                          extra bytes in
                                                          each record. 
                                                          For example,
                                                          the drybulb,
                                                          wetbulb, and
                                                          pressure are
                                                          usually packed
                                                          into a single
                                                          integer
                                                          value.  The
                                                          first and last
                                                          4 bits of the
                                                          integer are
                                                          junk due to
                                                          the way
                                                          Fortran writes
                                                          binary data. 
                                                          The
                                                          atmospheric
                                                          pressure takes
                                                          up 15 bits and
                                                          the drybulb
                                                          and wetbulb
                                                          take up 8 bits
                                                          each.  After
                                                          encryption,
                                                          this allows
                                                          the drybulb
                                                          and wetbulb to
                                                          be stored with
                                                          0 decimal
                                                          places and the
                                                          pressure with
                                                          1 decimal
                                                          place. 
                                                          Similarly, the
                                                          direct normal
                                                          and global
                                                          horizontal are
                                                          usually stored
                                                          with 0 decimal
                                                          places.  Your
                                                          output file
                                                          shows a higher
                                                          precision for
                                                          each of these
                                                          data points. 
                                                          Again, I'm
                                                          guessing that
                                                          this extra
                                                          precision is
                                                          in the extra
                                                          bytes in each
                                                          record.</p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">3.
                                                          Since Barrow
                                                          is above the
                                                          Arctic Circle,
                                                          it gets the
                                                          midnight sun
                                                          and polar
                                                          night.  </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">4.
                                                          Related to
                                                          previous, in
                                                          the peak of
                                                          summer,
                                                          radiation has
                                                          very little
                                                          diffuse
                                                          component and
                                                          during winter
                                                          is almost all
                                                          diffuse (when
                                                          it exists).</p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Aaron</p>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </blockquote>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal">YJH
                                                      answer: You're
                                                      completely correct
                                                      in all your
                                                      suppositions,
                                                      Sherlock Holmes ! 
                                                      What I've done is
                                                      to add another
                                                      array of 384, each
                                                      containing the
                                                      extra precision
                                                      for the two
                                                      temperatures,
                                                      pressure, wind
                                                      speed, and the two
                                                      solar
                                                      irradiances.  It
                                                      was my former
                                                      colleague at LBNL
                                                      Ender Erdem who
                                                      assured me that in
                                                      a binary read,
                                                      this extra integer
                                                      would be ignored,
                                                      thereby
                                                      guaranteeing
                                                      compatibility
                                                      between the *.BIN
                                                      and *.BINM
                                                      formats.  However,
                                                      once the extra
                                                      read is added,
                                                      there has to be a
                                                      flag telling DOE-2
                                                      NOT to do that for
                                                      the older *.BIN
                                                      format.  That's
                                                      the main reason
                                                      why I haven't
                                                      pushed very hard
                                                      on  this.</p>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal">On
                                                        12/6/2017 9:18
                                                        AM, Javed Iqbal
                                                        wrote:</p>
                                                    </div>
                                                    <blockquote>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span>Dear
                                                          Sir Joe,</span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span>I
                                                          am able to
                                                          find something
                                                          though NOT all
                                                          which looks to
                                                          me unusual and
                                                          hence
                                                          reporting
                                                          here.</span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span>1)
                                                          The following
                                                          screenshot for
                                                          <b><u>22nd
                                                          April</u></b>
                                                          shows that
                                                          Direct Normal
                                                          is greater
                                                          than the
                                                          Global solar.
                                                          As per my
                                                          limited
                                                          knowledge in
                                                          this
                                                          direction,
                                                          usually Direct
                                                          Normal Solar
                                                          can be greater
                                                          than Global
                                                          solar
                                                          (Direct+diffuse)
                                                          or GHI during
                                                          certain
                                                          periods such
                                                          as morning or
                                                          afternoon
                                                          hours.
                                                          Whereas, the
                                                          hourly report
                                                          shows Direct
                                                          Normal Solar
                                                          is always
                                                          higher (~8-10
                                                          times) than
                                                          the Global
                                                          Solar. If this
                                                          is one of the
                                                          acceptable
                                                          discrepancy than
                                                          there are many
                                                          such instances
                                                          could be found
                                                          in in the
                                                          hourly weather
                                                          file. </span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span><img
id="m_-8754494293076800014m_-2085549477788428701_x005f_x0000_i1028"
                                                          src="cid:part48.563C4306.2F16C806@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                                                          alt="Inline
                                                          image 1"
                                                          class=""
                                                          height="515"
                                                          width="407"></span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span>Let
                                                          me know your
                                                          thought on
                                                          this.</span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span>Sorry
                                                          I could do
                                                          this much only
                                                          out of my busy
                                                          schedule.</span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span>Thanks,</span></p>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </blockquote>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal">YJH
                                                      answer:  The DNI
                                                      can be larger than
                                                      the GHI frequently
                                                      in the Arctic
                                                      locations because
                                                      of persistently
                                                      low sun angles. 
                                                      However, the
                                                      numbers that
                                                      you've highlighted
                                                      above have DNI/GHI
                                                      ratios that do
                                                      seem excessive.
                                                      All these solar
                                                      irradiances are
                                                      calculated using
                                                      several empirical
                                                      and analytical
                                                      models and so
                                                      could always be
                                                      wrong.  However,
                                                      the formulation of
                                                      the direct solar
                                                      model calculates
                                                      the DNI as a
                                                      sigmoid function
                                                      of the ratio
                                                      between the GHI
                                                      and the
                                                      extraterrestrial
                                                      global horizontal
                                                      radiation, so it
                                                      would seem
                                                      difficult to
                                                      produce a DNI that
                                                      would violate
                                                      physical reality,
                                                      i.e., GHI =
                                                      DNI*sin(solarZ) +
                                                      DHI.  Time
                                                      permitting, I may
                                                      look more into
                                                      this.</p>
                                                    <div>
                                                      <p
                                                        class="MsoNormal">On
                                                        12/6/2017 2:01
                                                        PM, Nathan Brown
                                                        wrote:</p>
                                                    </div>
                                                    <blockquote>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">Ok,
                                                          so here’s my
                                                          revised list:</p>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                      </div>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal">1.
                                                          Hour index is
                                                          1, not zero
                                                          (not different
                                                          from .epw, but
                                                          still annoying
                                                          to deal with
                                                          while post
                                                          processing)<br>
                                                          2. Solar noon
                                                          is not aligned
                                                          to the noon
                                                          timestamp.
                                                          Does this mean
                                                          permanent DST?<br>
                                                          3. This file
                                                          contains data
                                                          for 2/29</p>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span>Nathan
                                                          Brown, BEMP,
                                                          LEED AP</span><span>
                                                          ~ Associate </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><b><span>LOISOS
                                                          </span></b><span>+<b>
                                                          UBBELOHDE </b></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span>-
                                                          - - - - - - -
                                                          - - - - - - -
                                                          - - - - - - -
                                                          - - - - - </span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"><span><a
href="http://www.coolshadow.com/" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span>www.coolshadow.com</span></a></span></p>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <p
                                                          class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </div>
                                                    </blockquote>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal">YJH
                                                      answer:  1 is not
                                                      a correct answer
                                                      since, as you
                                                      note, the
                                                      convention is the
                                                      same for both
                                                      *.BIN  and *.BINM,
                                                      as well as *.epw
                                                      files.  The
                                                      annoyance you feel
                                                      msy be due to the
                                                      mixed use of
                                                      cardinal and
                                                      ordinal numbers in
                                                      the weather
                                                      files.  The
                                                      standard
                                                      convention on
                                                      simulation weather
                                                      files is the
                                                      formal, i.e., Hour
                                                      1, Hour 2, etc.,
                                                      whereas the
                                                      convention on
                                                      weather station
                                                      reports is the
                                                      latter, Hour
                                                      00:00, Hour 01:00,
                                                      etc.  In my
                                                      opinion there is
                                                      an inconsistency
                                                      on simulation
                                                      weather files
                                                      where most of the
                                                      measurements
                                                      (temperatures,
                                                      etc.) are reported
                                                      by the timestamp,
                                                      i.e., 00:00, but
                                                      incorporated as
                                                      Hour 1, etc.,
                                                      while others, 
                                                      notably solar and
                                                      rainfall, are both
                                                      measured and
                                                      reported
                                                      cardinally as Hour
                                                      1, etc.   I'll
                                                      talk more about
                                                      this in the next
                                                      contest on the epw
                                                      file format.<br>
                                                       <br>
                                                      How are you
                                                      deducing that
                                                      solar noon is not
                                                      aligned to the
                                                      noon timestamp? 
                                                      As for DST,  I
                                                      feel that weather
                                                      files should NEVER
                                                      incorporate any
                                                      such human-made
                                                      artifacts.  There
                                                      are several
                                                      factors you should
                                                      consider when
                                                      comparing solar
                                                      noon to local
                                                      standard noon: (1)
                                                      difference in
                                                      longitude between
                                                      the standard
                                                      meridian and the
                                                      location (Barrow);
                                                      in this case, they
                                                      are 150.00 West
                                                      and 156.782 West
                                                      respectively, or a
                                                      27 minute effect, 
                                                      (2) the solar
                                                      irradiance is
                                                      given over the
                                                      past hour, so the
                                                      average solar
                                                      position for Hour
                                                      12 is at 11:30 AM
                                                      local time rather
                                                      than 12:00 PM,
                                                      another 30 minute
                                                      effect, and (3) 
                                                      "Equation of time"
                                                      that makes local
                                                      time faster or
                                                      slower than solar
                                                      time by +- 15
                                                      minutes at the
                                                      most. I don't know
                                                      if these effects
                                                      combined accounts
                                                      for the difference
                                                      between solar and
                                                      local noon that
                                                      you see.</p>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                              </blockquote>
                                            </div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    <div class="MsoNormal">
                                      <hr width="100%"> </div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span><br>
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                                        -LAEmHhHzdJzBlTWfa4Hgs7pbKl </span></p>
                                  </div>
                                </blockquote>
                              </div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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                        <br>
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            <hr style="height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3;
              background-color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Julien Marrec
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