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    <p>Julien,</p>
    <p>When I first read your post, I had the wrong impression that the
      python script was disassembling (unpacking) the binary *.BINM
      file, which would be quite an achievement since I hadn't
      documented yet the packing procedure for the extra precision, nor
      have the original packing been explained anywhere but in the
      actual Fortran source code.</p>
    <p>After looking at the python script, I then realized it was
      reading the ASCII dump of the weather file, which I've said had a
      embarrassing glitch in my unpacking :-)</p>
    <p>The original packing/unpacking can be seen in the Fortran code of
      the fmtwth2.f and wthfmt2.f  programs that are part of the DOE-2
      release package.  In DOE-2.2, the same two programs have been
      renamed as  MKAFT and PKAFT.  My additions can be seen in the
      Fortran code of the fmtwth2M.f and wthfmt2mleapyr.f but please be
      warned that I need to figure out the mysterious extra line I found
      that was throwing off the solar radiation in November and
      December.  The source code for all 4 programs are attached, in
      case anyone wants to port them to python<br>
    </p>
    <p>Joe<br>
    </p>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="90">Joe Huang
White Box Technologies, Inc.
346 Rheem Blvd., Suite 205A
Moraga CA 94556
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com">http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com</a> for simulation-ready weather data
(o) (925)388-0265
(c) (510)928-2683
"building energy simulations at your fingertips"
</pre>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 12/8/2017 6:24 AM, Jones,
      Christopher wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:020fc7e7ea1543968bb82325379a4fe4@wsp.com">
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        <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Thank you Sir!</span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span> </span></b></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Christopher R. Jones</span></b><span
            lang="EN-GB">, P.Eng.</span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Technical Specialist</span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Sustainability &
            Energy</span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span><img id="Picture_x0020_15"
              src="cid:part1.568184D1.0D8BAA1F@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
              class="" height="37" width="78"></span><span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span>T +1 416-644-0252</span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span>2300 Yonge Street, Suite 2300</span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Toronto, ON M4P 1E4 Canada</span><span
            lang="EN-GB"><br>
            <br>
          </span><span></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span><a moz-do-not-send="true"><span>wsp.com</span></a></span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><u><span lang="EN-CA"><span> </span></span></u></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span> </span></b></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span>Please consider the environment
              before printing...</span></i></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span>From:</span></b><span> Julien
            Marrec [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:julien.marrec@gmail.com">mailto:julien.marrec@gmail.com</a>]
            <br>
            <b>Sent:</b> Friday, December 08, 2017 9:22 AM<br>
            <b>To:</b> Jones, Christopher
            <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:Christopher.r.Jones@wsp.com"><Christopher.r.Jones@wsp.com></a><br>
            <b>Cc:</b> Joe Huang
            <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com"><yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com></a>; EnergyPlus_Support
            <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:EnergyPlus_Support@yahoogroups.com"><EnergyPlus_Support@yahoogroups.com></a>; Javed Iqbal
            <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:eee.javed@gmail.com"><eee.javed@gmail.com></a>; <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:eQUEST-users@onebuilding.org">eQUEST-users@onebuilding.org</a><br>
            <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Answers Re: Test your
            knowledge of simulation weather file formats Part 1: the
            DOE-2 *.BIN/*.BINM format</span></p>
        <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
        <div>
          <div>
            <div>
              <div>
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <p class="MsoNormal">Christopher,</p>
                  </div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal">This is a jupyter notebook. See <a
                      href="http://jupyter.org/" moz-do-not-send="true">
                      http://jupyter.org/</a>.</p>
                </div>
                <p class="MsoNormal">You can do "pip install jupyter"
                  then start a server with "jupyter notebook" in a
                  terminal, navigate to the location of the ipynb file
                  and open it up. Then you can just run it there, cell
                  by cell interactively (CTRL+ENTER to run a cell).</p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal">This is **hugely** helpful in
                  anything that has to do with data analysis, because it
                  allows for interactive exploring. I strongly suggest
                  you try it out.</p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal">Note that if you have installed a
                  scientific python distro such as Anaconda, you should
                  already have it installed.</p>
              </div>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal">You can also download this as a
                python file from the notebook, which I've done out of
                convenience for you (see attached).</p>
            </div>
            <p class="MsoNormal">Best,</p>
          </div>
          <p class="MsoNormal">Julien</p>
          <div>
            <div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
          </p>
          <div>
            <div>
              <div>
                <div>
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">--<br>
                            Julien Marrec, EBCP, BPI MFBA<br>
                            Owner at <a href="http://www.effibem.com"
                              target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">EffiBEM</a><br>
                            T: +33 6 95 14 42 13<br>
                            <span><br>
                              LinkedIn (<a
                                href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/julienmarrec"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">en</a>)
                              <i>| </i>(<a
                                href="https://fr.linkedin.com/in/julienmarrec/fr"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">fr</a>)
                              :
                            </span></p>
                        </div>
                      </div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
          <div>
            <p class="MsoNormal">2017-12-08 14:26 GMT+01:00 Jones,
              Christopher <<a
                href="mailto:Christopher.r.Jones@wsp.com"
                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">Christopher.r.Jones@wsp.com</a>>:</p>
            <blockquote>
              <div>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Julien,</span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Thank you for the Python
                      code. One question – how do you download just the
                      code without the .png data in the file?</span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span> </span></b></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Christopher
                        R. Jones</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">, P.Eng.</span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Technical
                      Specialist</span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Sustainability
                      & Energy</span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span><img
                        id="m_-2085549477788428701Picture_x0020_15"
                        src="cid:part1.568184D1.0D8BAA1F@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                        class="" height="37" width="78"></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span>T
                      <a href="tel:+1%20416-644-0252" target="_blank"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">+1 416-644-0252</a></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span><a
href="https://maps.google.com/?q=2300+Yonge+Street,+Suite+2300%0D+Toronto,+ON+M4P+1E4+Canada&entry=gmail&source=g"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">2300 Yonge Street, Suite
                        2300</a></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span><a
href="https://maps.google.com/?q=2300+Yonge+Street,+Suite+2300%0D+Toronto,+ON+M4P+1E4+Canada&entry=gmail&source=g"
                        moz-do-not-send="true">Toronto, ON M4P 1E4
                        Canada</a></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span><a href="http://wsp.com"
                        target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span>wsp.com</span></a></span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal">
                    <b><span> </span></b></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal">
                    <i><span>Please consider the environment before
                        printing...</span></i></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-CA"> </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span>From:</span></b><span>
                      Bldg-sim [mailto:<a
                        href="mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org"
                        target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
                      <b>On Behalf Of </b>Julien Marrec via Bldg-sim<br>
                      <b>Sent:</b> Thursday, December 07, 2017 7:02 AM<br>
                      <b>To:</b> Joe Huang <<a
                        href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                        target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com</a>><br>
                      <b>Cc:</b> EnergyPlus_Support <<a
                        href="mailto:EnergyPlus_Support@yahoogroups.com"
                        target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">EnergyPlus_Support@yahoogroups.com</a>>;
                      Javed Iqbal <<a
                        href="mailto:eee.javed@gmail.com"
                        target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">eee.javed@gmail.com</a>>;
                      <a href="mailto:eQUEST-users@onebuilding.org"
                        target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">eQUEST-users@onebuilding.org</a>;
                      BLDG-SIM <<a
                        href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org"
                        target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a>><br>
                      <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Answers Re: Test
                      your knowledge of simulation weather file formats
                      Part 1: the DOE-2 *.BIN/*.BINM format</span></p>
                  <div>
                    <div>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                      <div>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">Joe,</p>
                              </div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">This was fun, thanks
                                for putting it together, I'm looking
                                forward to the next one.
                              </p>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">I have to say that
                                  I'm impressed by Aaron's knowledge and
                                  level of detail, and it's not the
                                  first time.</p>
                              </div>
                              <div>
                                <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal">I've used Python to
                              parse your hourly dump and visualize it,
                              as well as comparing with the Barrow EPW
                              (converting your hourly dump to SI Units).
                              I've posted that on Github, where you can
                              already look at the code + graphs since
                              it's in a jupyter notebook, but you could
                              also download it and run it on your
                              machine. My hope is that I'll convert one
                              or two members of this list to coding :)
                            </p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal">For the record, the
                              actual parsing of the hourly dump into a
                              usable format (pandas.DataFrame) took me
                              about 5 minutes and 16 lines of code (it
                              was a very simple one though).<br>
                              <a
href="https://github.com/jmarrec/BINM_Challenge/blob/master/Analyse_BINM.ipynb"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://github.com/jmarrec/BINM_Challenge/blob/master/Analyse_BINM.ipynb</a></p>
                          </div>
                          <div>
                            <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                          </div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">Cheers,</p>
                        </div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal">Julien</p>
                      </div>
                      <div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"><br>
                        </p>
                        <div>
                          <div>
                            <div>
                              <div>
                                <div>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal">--<br>
                                          Julien Marrec, EBCP, BPI MFBA<br>
                                          Owner at <a
                                            href="http://www.effibem.com"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">EffiBEM</a><br>
                                          T: <a
                                            href="tel:06%2095%2014%2042%2013"
                                            target="_blank"
                                            moz-do-not-send="true">+33 6
                                            95 14 42 13</a><br>
                                          <span><br>
                                            LinkedIn (<a
                                              href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/julienmarrec"
                                              target="_blank"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">en</a>)
                                            <i>| </i>(<a
                                              href="https://fr.linkedin.com/in/julienmarrec/fr"
                                              target="_blank"
                                              moz-do-not-send="true">fr</a>)
                                            :
                                          </span></p>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </div>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </div>
                        </div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                        <div>
                          <p class="MsoNormal">2017-12-07 10:40
                            GMT+01:00 Joe Huang <<a
                              href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                              target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com</a>>:</p>
                          <blockquote>
                            <div>
                              <p class="MsoNormal">I got a total of five
                                responses,  all of which are attached at
                                the end of this e-mail.  Although I was
                                focusing on the FORMAT of the *.BIN
                                weather file, most of the respondents
                                focused on the data instead, and to my
                                chagrin more intensely than I have, esp.
                                Julien who pointed out an anomaly in the
                                direct normal radiation that made me
                                gasp and go back into my file and
                                processing procedures.  Kudos to Julien
                                for spotting that, but I'll explain what
                                happened there following his e-mail
                                attached below.</p>
                              <div>
                                <p>The three answers I was seeking are:</p>
                                <p>(1) <b>The weather file is for a
                                    location above the Arctic Circle</b>,
                                  which would make DOE-2.1E crash due to
                                  a bug in the shading calculation but
                                  not in DOE-2.2 which fixed this bug in
                                  2004.  The point here is that this is
                                  a problem in DOE-2.1E but NOT in the
                                  *.BIN format, except it might seem
                                  that way because the DOE-2 weather
                                  packer also crashes because it uses
                                  the same shading routine to generate
                                  the weather statistics.</p>
                                <p>(2) <b>The weather file is for a
                                    leap year with the output file
                                    showing Feb. 29th</b>.  I've heard
                                  many people say that DOE-2 weather
                                  files contain only 365 days, but
                                  that's absolutely not true.  The *.BIN
                                  format stores data for 12 months of 32
                                  days each, or 384 days!  The reason
                                  that Feb. 29th never shows up in a
                                  DOE-2 run is that the developers never
                                  bothered to reset the February day
                                  count to 29 on leap years, even though
                                  DOE-2 calculates when that's the
                                  case.  Now that more people are
                                  running DOE-2 with actual historical
                                  years, it's well past time for this
                                  little fix to be implemented.
                                </p>
                                <p>(3) <b>The weather file reports
                                    shows the weather parameters to an
                                    additional decimal of precision</b>,
                                  i.e., temperatures are to the 0.1F,
                                  pressures to 0.01 inches of mercury,
                                  solar radiation to 0.1 Btu/sqft, and
                                  wind speeds to 0.1 mph.  This required
                                  a modest change to the BIN format that
                                  I implemented as the *.BINM (M for
                                  Modified) starting in 2011.  This
                                  leads to what I think is the most
                                  fascinating part about the DOE-2 *.BIN
                                  format that was developed in the early
                                  1980's when computer memory was very
                                  limited. Members of the original
                                  development team (Ender Erdem and
                                  maybe Fred Buhl) came up with the
                                  strategy of "packing" the data by
                                  converting all data to integers, pack
                                  four integers into one big integer,
                                  and then store them in the file in
                                  binary form. By so doing the *.BIN
                                  files are only 146K (70-80KB zipped),
                                  whereas other formats can be well over
                                  1MB (200+KB zipped). DOE-2 also uses
                                  the *.BIN format to improve execution
                                  speed by not reading the data an hour
                                  at a time or 8760 ASCII reads, but by
                                  reading 16 day chunks at a time or 24
                                  binary reads  for the entire year
                                  (which also explains why the *.BIN
                                  format contains 24x16 or 384 days). 
                                </p>
                                <p>So now let's look at how did our
                                  contestants do, listed in order of
                                  when I received their answers:</p>
                                <p>Parag -  0 out of 3  (he looked
                                  almost entirely on the data, not on
                                  the format)</p>
                                <p>Julien -  1 out of 3 (he noticed the
                                  leap day, but also focused his
                                  attention on the data and pointed out
                                  two problems that I will address
                                  following his e-mail  below)</p>
                                <p>Aaron - 2 out of 3 (I was impressed
                                  that he knew about the packing and
                                  unpacking process, but did not notice
                                  the leap year)</p>
                                <p>Javed -  0 out of 3 (but had a good
                                  question on why DNI (Direct Normal) is
                                  larger than GHI (Global Horizontal)
                                  that I will answer following his
                                  e-mail below)</p>
                                <p>Nathan - 1 out of 3 (he also noticed
                                  the leap day, and had other questions
                                  that I will answer following his
                                  e-mail below).</p>
                                <p>So, nobody noticed all three answers,
                                  but since it's the holiday season, I
                                  will make them all winners and provide
                                  a historical year weather file of
                                  their choosing. Just e-mail me if
                                  you're interested and tell me which
                                  one you want.</p>
                                <p>This has been an interesting and
                                  insightful experience for me.  I hope
                                  others also found it entertaining and
                                  useful, as well.  I've learned that
                                  (1) think twice before coming out with
                                  a flawed contest rule, (2) look over
                                  more times whatever I put out on the
                                  Web.</p>
                                <p>(please be sure to read the
                                  contestant's submittals and my
                                  responses below)</p>
                                <p>Joe</p>
                                <pre>Joe Huang</pre>
                                <pre>White Box Technologies, Inc.</pre>
                                <pre><a href="https://maps.google.com/?q=346+Rheem+Blvd.,+Suite+205A%0D+Moraga+CA+94556&entry=gmail&source=g" moz-do-not-send="true">346 Rheem Blvd., Suite 205A</a></pre>
                                <pre><a href="https://maps.google.com/?q=346+Rheem+Blvd.,+Suite+205A%0D+Moraga+CA+94556&entry=gmail&source=g" moz-do-not-send="true">Moraga CA 94556</a></pre>
                                <pre><a href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com</a></pre>
                                <pre><a href="http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com</a> for simulation-ready weather data</pre>
                                <pre>(o) (925)388-0265</pre>
                                <pre>(c) (510)928-2683</pre>
                                <pre>"building energy simulations at your fingertips"</pre>
                                <p>Attached e-mails  follow in the same
                                  order (only final e-mails shown)
                                  -----------------------------------------------------------</p>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">On 12/5/2017
                                    11:24 PM, Parag Rastogi wrote:</p>
                                </div>
                                <blockquote>
                                  <pre>Hi Joe,</pre>
                                  <pre> </pre>
                                  <pre>Don't know anything about the DOE-2 platform, but here's my take on the meteorological "oddities". Thanks for organising this challenge - it's really cool!</pre>
                                  <pre> </pre>
                                  <pre>1. A large part of the year has zero sun while the other part has sun for 24 hours.</pre>
                                  <pre>2. The humidity is _really_ high - the WBT and DBT are mostly within a degree of each other. Don’t know if DOE-2 has a problem with that?</pre>
                                  <pre>3. In the summer months, the direct normal is sometimes larger than global solar. That is really odd!</pre>
                                  <pre>4. I would not live here - Glasgow winters are bad enough.</pre>
                                  <pre> </pre>
                                  <pre>Parag</pre>
                                </blockquote>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">YJH answer:   Yes,
                                  I picked Barrow on purpose to show
                                  that the *.BIN format still works for
                                  places above the Arctic Circle or
                                  below the Antarctic Circle.  RH is
                                  generally very high in frigid climates
                                  because the cold air cannot hold much
                                  moisture (that's why there's always
                                  frost in your refrigerators!).  The
                                  DNI can often be greater than the GHI
                                  at low sun angles, since the DNI is
                                  calculated normal to the sun, while
                                  the GHI is calculated for a flat
                                  horizontal plane.  Yes, stay in
                                  Glasgow or at least don't go to Barrow
                                  in place of Glasgow.<br>
                                  <br>
                                  On 12/6/2017 6:35 AM, Julien Marrec
                                  wrote:</p>
                                <blockquote>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal">Hi
                                                Joe,</p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal">Replying
                                                off the mailing list,
                                                since it would kinda
                                                beat the point of "first
                                                5 to find the error"
                                                otherwise.</p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal">1.
                                                There is a 29th of
                                                February, but 1912 was
                                                indeed a leap year, so
                                                I'm not sure whether
                                                that qualifies for a bug
                                                (can't remember how
                                                eQuest/DOE deal with
                                                leap year weather
                                                files).</p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal">2.
                                                There is an unsual peak
                                                of Global Solar
                                                radiation mid November
                                                (11 to 18th) while the
                                                Direct Normal stays at
                                                zero. The peak has
                                                values at 400
                                                BTU-HR/SQFT while the
                                                max is 250 for the rest
                                                of the year. 400 means
                                                1250 Wh/m2, which is
                                                just short of what the
                                                Extraterrestrial Direct
                                                Normal Solar Radiation
                                                is.</p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal">In IP
                                                units:</p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"><img
id="m_-2085549477788428701_x005f_x0000_i1025"
                                                  src="cid:part29.01520EE9.B42077A6@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                                                  alt="Images intégrées
                                                  1" class=""
                                                  height="513"
                                                  width="936"></p>
                                            </div>
                                            <div>
                                              <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                            </div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                          </div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal">I don't
                                            see any problem with the
                                            Atmospheric pressure, not
                                            the relative humidity I
                                            computed with Db, Wb and
                                            Atm. Wetbulb and drybulb are
                                            where I expect them for this
                                            location (checked against
                                            the EPW file for the same
                                            location too).</p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                        </div>
                                        <div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal">So I'm
                                            not sure what's the 3rd
                                            problem, I'd say that it's
                                            probably not a good idea to
                                            live there unless you
                                            <b>really</b> like cold
                                            weather?</p>
                                        </div>
                                        <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                      </div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal">Best,</p>
                                    </div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal">Julien</p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal">--</p>
                                    <div>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <div>
                                              <div>
                                                <div>
                                                  <div>
                                                    <p class="MsoNormal">Julien
                                                      Marrec, EBCP, BPI
                                                      MFBA<br>
                                                      Owner at <a
                                                        href="http://www.effibem.com"
                                                        target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">EffiBEM</a><br>
                                                      T: <a
                                                        href="tel:06%2095%2014%2042%2013"
                                                        target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">+33 6 95 14 42 13</a></p>
                                                  </div>
                                                </div>
                                              </div>
                                            </div>
                                          </div>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </blockquote>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">YJH answer: I was
                                  embarrassed that you noticed the input
                                  echo has 1912 instead of 2012, which
                                  was because DOE-2.1E was not Y2K
                                  compliant, so I had to set the year to
                                  1912 in order for DOE-2.1E to run.  I
                                  was further more astonished to see the
                                  wierd spike of GHI in November, which
                                  wasn't there in the actual weather
                                  file (see below). 
                                  <br>
                                  <img
                                    id="m_-2085549477788428701_x005f_x0000_i1026"
src="cid:part32.058DAE38.4D6FF30F@whiteboxtechnologies.com" class=""
                                    height="291" width="486"><img
                                    id="m_-2085549477788428701_x005f_x0000_i1027"
src="cid:part33.C68143FA.E303FCC4@whiteboxtechnologies.com" class=""
                                    height="291" width="486"><br>
                                  <br>
                                  Since DOE-2.1E can't run with this
                                  weather file, I used a version that I
                                  modified that took care of the high
                                  latitude problem as well as adding the
                                  extra precision.  When I checked the
                                  Fortran source code, I found this
                                  extra line (<<<)  that I have
                                  no memory of ever inserting nor why I
                                  did so (sound like a politician, don't
                                  I ? :-) ). <br>
                                        DO 500 I=1,14<br>
                                        CALC(I) =
                                  FLOAT(IWTH(I))*XMASK(I,2) + XMASK(I,1)<br>
                                        IF (I.LE.2)
                                  CALC(I)=CALC(I)+IWTH2(I)/10.<br>
                                        IF (I.EQ.11.OR.I.EQ.12)
                                  CALC(I)=CALC(I)+IWTH2(I-8)/10.  
                                  <<< ???<br>
                                    500 CONTINUE<br>
                                  So, if you believe my story, this
                                  spike in GHI was the result of my
                                  unpacking routine and not in the
                                  weather file itself.  A curious thing
                                  with the solar in such Arctic
                                  locations is that the GHI is above 0
                                  for all hours over two months  (see
                                  central bottom of the left plot),
                                  indicating  the proverbial midnight
                                  sun during the summer.</p>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">On 12/6/2017 9:05
                                    AM, Aaron Powers wrote:</p>
                                </div>
                                <blockquote>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal">Hey Joe,
                                    </p>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal">Here's what I
                                        could find.  It's really 2
                                        things since the first 2 and
                                        last 2 are related.</p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal">1. Normal
                                        DOE2 binary weather files are
                                        made up of 24 records of 6208
                                        bytes each.  So each file is
                                        roughly 145 kB.  Your file is
                                        182 kB, so each of the 24
                                        records is 7744 bytes in
                                        length.  I'm not sure what you
                                        have in the extra bytes, but the
                                        first 6208 bytes of each record
                                        is exactly as you would expect
                                        in a DOE2 packed file.  So I am
                                        able to read the .bin file by
                                        just ignoring the bytes after
                                        6208 of each record.</p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal">2. You have
                                        more precision for each data
                                        point.  I'm guessing this must
                                        be tied up to the extra bytes in
                                        each record.  For example, the
                                        drybulb, wetbulb, and pressure
                                        are usually packed into a single
                                        integer value.  The first and
                                        last 4 bits of the integer are
                                        junk due to the way Fortran
                                        writes binary data.  The
                                        atmospheric pressure takes up 15
                                        bits and the drybulb and wetbulb
                                        take up 8 bits each.  After
                                        encryption, this allows the
                                        drybulb and wetbulb to be stored
                                        with 0 decimal places and the
                                        pressure with 1 decimal place. 
                                        Similarly, the direct normal and
                                        global horizontal are usually
                                        stored with 0 decimal places. 
                                        Your output file shows a higher
                                        precision for each of these data
                                        points.  Again, I'm guessing
                                        that this extra precision is in
                                        the extra bytes in each record.</p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal">3. Since
                                        Barrow is above the Arctic
                                        Circle, it gets the midnight sun
                                        and polar night.  </p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal">4. Related to
                                        previous, in the peak of summer,
                                        radiation has very little
                                        diffuse component and during
                                        winter is almost all diffuse
                                        (when it exists).</p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal">Aaron</p>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </blockquote>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">YJH answer: You're
                                  completely correct in all your
                                  suppositions, Sherlock Holmes !  What
                                  I've done is to add another array of
                                  384, each containing the extra
                                  precision for the two temperatures,
                                  pressure, wind speed, and the two
                                  solar irradiances.  It was my former
                                  colleague at LBNL Ender Erdem who
                                  assured me that in a binary read, this
                                  extra integer would be ignored,
                                  thereby guaranteeing compatibility
                                  between the *.BIN and *.BINM formats. 
                                  However, once the extra read is added,
                                  there has to be a flag telling DOE-2
                                  NOT to do that for the older *.BIN
                                  format.  That's the main reason why I
                                  haven't pushed very hard on  this.</p>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">On 12/6/2017 9:18
                                    AM, Javed Iqbal wrote:</p>
                                </div>
                                <blockquote>
                                  <div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Dear
                                          Sir Joe,</span></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span>I am
                                          able to find something though
                                          NOT all which looks to me
                                          unusual and hence reporting
                                          here.</span></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span>1) The
                                          following screenshot for
                                          <b><u>22nd April</u></b> shows
                                          that Direct Normal is greater
                                          than the Global solar. As per
                                          my limited knowledge in this
                                          direction, usually Direct
                                          Normal Solar can be greater
                                          than Global solar
                                          (Direct+diffuse) or GHI during
                                          certain periods such as
                                          morning or afternoon hours.
                                          Whereas, the hourly report
                                          shows Direct Normal Solar is
                                          always higher (~8-10 times)
                                          than the Global Solar. If this
                                          is one of the acceptable
                                          discrepancy than there are
                                          many such instances could be
                                          found in in the hourly weather
                                          file. </span></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span><img
                                            id="m_-2085549477788428701_x005f_x0000_i1028"
src="cid:part34.89A5005F.684C15D9@whiteboxtechnologies.com" alt="Inline
                                            image 1" class=""
                                            height="515" width="407"></span></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Let me
                                          know your thought on this.</span></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Sorry I
                                          could do this much only out of
                                          my busy schedule.</span></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Thanks,</span></p>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </blockquote>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">YJH answer:  The
                                  DNI can be larger than the GHI
                                  frequently in the Arctic locations
                                  because of persistently low sun
                                  angles.  However, the numbers that
                                  you've highlighted above have DNI/GHI
                                  ratios that do seem excessive. All
                                  these solar irradiances are calculated
                                  using several empirical and analytical
                                  models and so could always be wrong. 
                                  However, the formulation of the direct
                                  solar model calculates the DNI as a
                                  sigmoid function of the ratio between
                                  the GHI and the extraterrestrial
                                  global horizontal radiation, so it
                                  would seem difficult to produce a DNI
                                  that would violate physical reality,
                                  i.e., GHI = DNI*sin(solarZ) + DHI. 
                                  Time permitting, I may look more into
                                  this.</p>
                                <div>
                                  <p class="MsoNormal">On 12/6/2017 2:01
                                    PM, Nathan Brown wrote:</p>
                                </div>
                                <blockquote>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal">Ok, so here’s
                                      my revised list:</p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                  </div>
                                  <div>
                                    <p class="MsoNormal">1. Hour index
                                      is 1, not zero (not different from
                                      .epw, but still annoying to deal
                                      with while post processing)<br>
                                      2. Solar noon is not aligned to
                                      the noon timestamp. Does this mean
                                      permanent DST?<br>
                                      3. This file contains data for
                                      2/29</p>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                    <div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Nathan
                                                Brown, BEMP, LEED AP</span><span>
                                                ~ Associate </span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span>LOISOS
                                                </span></b><span>+<b>
                                                  UBBELOHDE
                                                </b></span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <div>
                                            <p class="MsoNormal"><span>-
                                                - - - - - - - - - - - -
                                                - - - - - - - - - - - -
                                                - -
                                              </span></p>
                                          </div>
                                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span><a
href="http://www.coolshadow.com/" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span>www.coolshadow.com</span></a></span></p>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                </blockquote>
                                <p class="MsoNormal">YJH answer:  1 is
                                  not a correct answer since, as you
                                  note, the convention is the same for
                                  both *.BIN  and *.BINM, as well as
                                  *.epw files.  The annoyance you feel
                                  msy be due to the mixed use of
                                  cardinal and ordinal numbers in the
                                  weather files.  The standard
                                  convention on simulation weather files
                                  is the formal, i.e., Hour 1, Hour 2,
                                  etc., whereas the convention on
                                  weather station reports is the latter,
                                  Hour 00:00, Hour 01:00, etc.  In my
                                  opinion there is an inconsistency on
                                  simulation weather files where most of
                                  the measurements (temperatures, etc.)
                                  are reported by the timestamp, i.e.,
                                  00:00, but incorporated as Hour 1,
                                  etc., while others,  notably solar and
                                  rainfall, are both measured and
                                  reported cardinally as Hour 1, etc.  
                                  I'll talk more about this in the next
                                  contest on the epw file format.<br>
                                   <br>
                                  How are you deducing that solar noon
                                  is not aligned to the noon timestamp? 
                                  As for DST,  I feel that weather files
                                  should NEVER incorporate any such
                                  human-made artifacts.  There are
                                  several factors you should consider
                                  when comparing solar noon to local
                                  standard noon: (1) difference in
                                  longitude between the standard
                                  meridian and the location (Barrow); in
                                  this case, they are 150.00 West and
                                  156.782 West respectively, or a 27
                                  minute effect,  (2) the solar
                                  irradiance is given over the past
                                  hour, so the average solar position
                                  for Hour 12 is at 11:30 AM local time
                                  rather than 12:00 PM, another 30
                                  minute effect, and (3)  "Equation of
                                  time" that makes local time faster or
                                  slower than solar time by +- 15
                                  minutes at the most. I don't know if
                                  these effects combined accounts for
                                  the difference between solar and local
                                  noon that you see.</p>
                              </div>
                            </div>
                          </blockquote>
                        </div>
                        <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
                      </div>
                    </div>
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                <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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                    -LAEmHhHzdJzBlTWfa4Hgs7pbKl </span></p>
              </div>
            </blockquote>
          </div>
          <p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
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