<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Arial Black";
panose-1:2 11 10 4 2 1 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"BankGothic Lt BT";
panose-1:2 11 6 7 2 2 3 6 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Andalus;
panose-1:2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:blue;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:purple;
text-decoration:underline;}
p.MsoAcetate, li.MsoAcetate, div.MsoAcetate
{mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text Char";
margin:0in;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:8.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;}
p.msonormal0, li.msonormal0, div.msonormal0
{mso-style-name:msonormal;
mso-margin-top-alt:auto;
margin-right:0in;
mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;}
span.BalloonTextChar
{mso-style-name:"Balloon Text Char";
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-link:"Balloon Text";
font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;}
span.EmailStyle20
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
span.EmailStyle21
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle22
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:#1F497D;}
span.EmailStyle23
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style></head><body lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div class="WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal">In the simulation, schedule is always coupled with the entered peak value - e.g. equipment schedule with the equipment power density (EPD), infiltration schedule with the peak infiltration rate, etc. So I wouldn’t discuss the schedule fraction in isolation from the entered peak. The table below from 2013 ASHRAE Fundamentals chapter on the load calculations shows nameplate power versus average power for typical computer equipment. Clearly, if the modeled peak EPD is based on the nameplate power, the modeled schedule fraction should be very significantly lower than if the peak EPD is based on the average power. </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><img width="521" height="294" style="width:5.425in;height:3.0666in" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image003.jpg@01D2CEFC.7E8D36F0"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">There is no peak + schedule pair that is correct for all buildings, as illustrated in the table below from the same chapter. Or, taking an optimistic “glass half full” point of view, there must be a building out there for which QUEST Wizard defaults (or any default peak and schedule pair for that matter) is absolutely correct. </p><p class="MsoNormal"><img width="365" height="349" style="width:3.8in;height:3.6333in" id="_x0000_i1027" src="cid:image005.jpg@01D2CEFC.7E8D36F0"></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">Multifamily is a good example of the uncertainty of what the appropriate inputs should be. PNNL prototype model for high-rise apartment building is modeled with 0.62 W/SF peak equipment loads, compared to 1.42 W/SF peak multifamily loads in COMNET Appendix B. Both sources are meant to represent “typical”, and use schedules that have similar Equivalent Full Load Hours (EFLH).</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">I think it is a dangerous advice to use “….<span style="color:#1f497d"> design day schedules, with values near 100% during occupied hours, to produce reasonable zone cooling loads, if auto-sizing.”</span> Using auto-sizing for Appendix G constant volume (CV) Systems 1 – 4 in conjunction with the design day schedules has dramatic impact on the baseline fan energy. And since 90.1 does not prescribe plug loads, the inputs can be manipulated to get the performance rating of modeler’s choosing for the given proposed design. </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal">As for the infiltration, I think it is hard to justify the detailed infiltration modeling (i.e. without using the schedules) on a typical LEED, incentive program, or energy audit project, if infiltration rate is impossible to pin down. Quoting from the same chapter in ASHRAE Fundamentals, <span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">“…Infiltration also depends on wind direction and magnitude, temperature differences, construction type and quality, and occupant use of exterior doors and operable windows. As such, it is impossible to accurately predict infiltration rates.”</span> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #e1e1e1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Equest-users [mailto:<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Porter, Frederick NOR via Equest-users<br><b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, May 16, 2017 11:15 AM<br><b>To:</b> Lapierre, Patrick <<a href="mailto:plapierre@bpa.ca">plapierre@bpa.ca</a>>; Melissa Crowe <<a href="mailto:MCrowe@engsolutions.com">MCrowe@engsolutions.com</a>><br><b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:equest-users@onebuilding.org">equest-users@onebuilding.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] eQuest Default Schedules</p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">OK, BEM History Buffs,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">To the extent these aren’t just guesswork, I think the electric end-use schedules (ASHRAE, Wizard, etc.) generally used or referenced by modelers evolved from “ELCAP” information:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="color:#1f497d">“The End-Use Load and Consumer Assessment Program (ELCAP) was undertaken by the Bonneville Power Administration from <i>1986 through 1989</i> in an effort to obtain hourly and sub-hourly electricity demand information from a variety of residential and commercial end-uses.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">EVERYTHING you want to know about this is available at <a href="https://elcap.nwcouncil.org/Reports.aspx">https://elcap.nwcouncil.org/Reports.aspx</a>! It seems on other parts of that website you can comb through raw data if you want. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">There are some obvious flaws with schedules output by the Wizard for a default eQ office building:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">If ASHRAE 62.1 #/ksf or chair counts, etc. are used to set space occupancy, it’s pretty clear that occupancy schedules should not be 90% during most occupied hours for all spaces in most commercial/institutional buildings. (The actual FTE is often only 50% of the sum of these design occupancies.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">I’d say similar things about interior lighting, though that depends more on the type of building, and not to the same degree. I don’t recall right away any great recent published load shapes for lighting; lots of effort has been expended on plug loads. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">I’m never quite sure about the differentiation between “Misc Eqp” and “Office Eqp” (for the default office model, the Wizard only uses its “Misc” schedule in any case) but it’s pretty clear that neither should be 4% or 6% on weekends and holidays in most buildings. Unoccupied load magnitudes are rarely this low, though if folks just take their gear with them now when they leave, some “office” or classroom areas may approach that. But “typical” measurements are closer to 30%, excluding servers. NBI has sponsored and published some good recent work. And Joe Huang and colleagues are trying to develop more realistic statistical distributions for all these behavior-driven inputs.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">Note that to the extent that more diversity is applied during normal, occupied hours in the annual simulation using repeating schedules, it becomes more important to use design day schedules, with values near 100% during occupied hours, to produce reasonable zone cooling loads, if “auto-sizing.” </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">The DHW “use” schedule (5% all nights, 1.5% WEH) seems to be trying to capture the effects of circulating loop losses or real stragglers. There is virtually no DHW use at those times. Standby losses should be captured elsewhere in building models. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">And infiltration “schedules?” We’re still using these? Better than nothing I guess. The Wizard does try to account for entries if a zone has doors, increasing infiltration even during “fan on” hours when it is normally reduced. Better than some other default schedules.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">Fred</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:black">Fred Porter, BEMP, LEED</span><span style="color:#1f497d">©</span><span style="color:black"> AP</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:2.0pt"><span style="color:#7f7f7f">Principal Engineer</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:2.0pt"><span style="color:#7f7f7f">Sustainability Services</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#005daa">NORESCO</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d"> </span></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #b5c4df 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"> Equest-users [<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org">mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Lapierre, Patrick via Equest-users<br><b>Sent:</b> Monday, May 15, 2017 7:15 AM<br><b>To:</b> Melissa Crowe<br><b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org">equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> [External] Re: [Equest-users] eQuest Default Schedules</span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">I believe some of them are from ASHRAE 90.1-2007 User’s manual.</span><span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><div><table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" style="width:100.0%;border-collapse:collapse"><tr><td width="35" style="width:26.25pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.bpa.ca_&d=DwMFAw&c=ilBQI1lupc9Y65XwNblLtw&r=3xdcdPfNRiIRbdcNOFLTvgBFEa2F6BAz_UMLqgqXn6k&m=YY7PwbjJGj1_OwpByXkpp7xY8B0Lph0o5YFl7CpT6nE&s=vWJlJlC034SwRB0BUlu-DSNGKmJf52uv_TLR6RHKvfI&e=" target="''"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="34" height="31" style="width:.3583in;height:.325in" id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image009.jpg@01D2CEFC.7E8D36F0" alt="Bouthillette Parizeau"></span></a></p></td><td valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black",sans-serif;color:#3f3f3f">Patrick</span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black",sans-serif;color:#3f3f3f">Lapierre</span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7d7d7d">_ing. BEMP</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#a5a5a5"><a href="mailto:plapierre@bpa.ca">plapierre@bpa.ca</a> | t: 5143833747x2807</span></p></td></tr></table></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#bfbfbf"> </span><span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #e1e1e1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FR">De :</span></b><span lang="FR"> Equest-users [<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org">mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>] <b>De la part de</b> Melissa Crowe via Equest-users<br><b>Envoyé :</b> 15 mai 2017 09:09<br><b>À :</b> <a href="mailto:equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org">equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br><b>Objet :</b> [Equest-users] eQuest Default Schedules</span><span lang="FR-CA"></span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Good Morning<span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Anyone know a reference describing how eQuest default schedules (OCC, LIGHT, EQUIP….) for different building types were developed? <span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Thanks<span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Melissa Crowe<span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"BankGothic Lt BT",sans-serif;color:#00b050"><img border="0" width="92" height="48" style="width:.9583in;height:.5in" id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image012.jpg@01D2CEFC.7E8D36F0" alt="Description: Description: Description: Description: Description: cid:image003.jpg@01CCFDCE.40462190"></span><span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Andalus",serif;color:#004620">Melissa P. Crowe</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">, </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">LEED AP</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt"> <br></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Project Engineer</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> </span><span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Engineered Solutions, Inc.</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> <br>6 Union St, Natick MA 01760 <br>508.647.9200 x225 (P) l 508.652.1936 (F)</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> <br><span style="color:#00682f"><a href="mailto:MCrowe@EngSolutions.com">MCrowe@EngSolutions.com</a></span> </span><span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> </span><span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:#1f497d">CAUTION: The preceding email message and any attachments to it may be confidential and/or may contain proprietary information that is entitled to protection from disclosure under applicable law. It is not intended for transmission to, or receipt by, any unauthorized persons. If you are not the intended recipient or such recipient's employee or agent, please do not read any attachments, or print, copy, disseminate or otherwise disclose the contents of this email. If you have received this message in error, please (i) notify the sender by return email immediately that you received the message in error, and (ii) erase or destroy the message.</span><span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> </span><span lang="FR-CA"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="FR-CA"></span></p></div></body></html>