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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">To estimate airflow through an opening due to wind, see the 2013 ASHRAE Handbook – Fundamentals, page 16.13, equation 37. For stack effect use equation 38. For no wind and no
stack effect see 2014 ASHRAE Handbook – Refrigeration, page 24.5. The wind and stack effect equations are in cfm while the one from the refrigeration handbook is heat load, but it might still be helpful for you.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Remember that the wind is not always blowing directly toward the door…unless the building swings on a big weather vane so that the door always points into the wind! The weather
file has wind direction in addition to the speed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Keith Swartz, PE
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:gray">|
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Senior Energy Engineer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:110%"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Seventhwave</span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:gray"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:110%"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">608.210.7123 seventhwave.org<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Nicholas.Caton@schneider-electric.com [mailto:Nicholas.Caton@schneider-electric.com]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, February 25, 2016 11:18 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> sharadcapricious@gmail.com; equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Repost - how to simulate a revolving door<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Apologies for not contributing sooner(I’ve been in a busy week myself), but I notice a few critical points may have been missed in the discussion so far:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">The numbers 90.1 cites for window (0.4 cfm/ft2 ) and door (1.0 cfm/ft2) leakage are at NFRC-400 testing conditions (75 pascals). These represent
<u>maximum</u> permissible infiltration in a closed state with head-on windspeed equivalent to 75 Pa. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Open windows & swinging doors will infiltrate much more than closed assemblies. The real-world problem of airflow through free openings is rather complicated
depending upon many variables (including relative temperatures, windspeed direction vs. orientation, building pressurization, stack effects, whether and where other nearby openings are occurring…).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Conservatively & for a back of envelope / sanity check with free openings, I might consider CFM = hourly windspeed(fpm) x free area(ft2) on an hourly
basis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Revolving doors by design are never “open” in the above sense – see this image
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolving_door">from Wikipedia</a> if that isn’t immediately clear:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><img border="0" width="302" height="167" id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image003.jpg@01D16FE4.85D7E400" alt="https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTYX--sNe7YSiL32dNddNEwA70qOJEVkJ-9g2KzLDThtNopxEUvSA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">So the whole picture is perhaps a bit more complicated than you might have initially thought, but I believe you will find eQuest is generally well-equipped to
tackle all of the above!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Your weather file has windspeed data that can be used each hour for calculations<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Looking to your SPACE inputs for infiltration, you can read up on the variety of options for how sophisticated you want to make your simulation. Most
options do account for hourly windspeed. In all cases, you can define an INF-SCHEDULE to account for behavior like swinging doors & windows opening.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">If this is all flying a little too high in complexity for your purposes/timeframe, I suggest leveraging the wizards to observe what infiltration schedules
and inputs are generated using a few dummy ‘shell’ models. Note “perimeter” vs. “core” infiltration schedules are commonly generated side by side and will be named accordingly.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">I’d personally prefer leveraging a custom hourly report for this sort of assessment. Starting variables to spot check my expectations would include<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">SPACE infiltration (cfm) as calculated,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0in;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level2 lfo2">
<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">local windspeed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">ZONE temperature<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Courier New";color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">o<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">ZONE tstat setpoint
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:1.0in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Other thoughts:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Ultimately you are going to be making a “Yes/No” decision based on how the temperatures in this space float. Step back before getting too far into
the study and make some decisions regarding what would be subjectively “acceptable” comfort criteria considering anticipated atrium/staircase usage, occupancy profile, & expectations specific to your regional climate/locale.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">High-level assessment idea, if you don’t want to assess this “manually” via hourly outputs: You could perhaps most simply create a pair of zone temp
schedules reflective of maximum comfort thresholds, then leverage simulation unmet hours inform how often & when you cross those lines.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">At only 2 stories effects probably won’t be extreme, but keep in the back of your mind that eQuest/doe2 assumes “perfect thermal mixing” within a zone
hour by hour. If your space does not have fans or other means of consistent circulation, there’s potential for buoyancy/stack effects in the real world to result in different conditions on the 1<sup>st</sup> vs. 2<sup>nd</sup> level.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Probably more than you’re looking for… sorry for the wall of text!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">~Nick<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#3A7A46">---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#3A7A46">Nick Caton, P.E.</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#3A7A46"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"> Equest-users [<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org">mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Sharad Kumar<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, February 25, 2016 3:04 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> equest-users<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Repost - how to simulate a revolving door<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">Hi Zarah,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">As per my understanding you need to know the cooling load requirement of any space for any time.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">For this one can do peak load calculations and try to find out the cooling load requirement of any space at desired time.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">I have also referred ASHARE 90.1 and have found that the swinging door has 1 cfm / sq. ft. and windows have 0.40 cfm / sq .ft as infiltration.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">............................................................................................................</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">eQUEST have the option to input the required infiltration in Internal load tab and input it in as cfm /sq. ft for the space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">The infiltration being input is the total infiltration in that space.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">You need to have proper weather file as per location, have some cooling system as per project and proper infiltration as input.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">Then from the hourly report being derived from the File< Export File< Hourly result (CSV) and have the finding in cooling end-use energy.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">This will help you to find out whether that space at any desired time needs the cooling or not. Additionally one needs to have proper schedules.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">The better software to have these kind of analyses is IES-VE but eQUEST can also help.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">The design time is the cooling load having the most peak value of cooling energy in Hourly report.If the Cooling requirement is less than 300 hours over the year then may be you can ignore installing cooling system.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">If it is for the major part of year then you can choose to have cooling system. Also have a go on the cooling plant requirement size.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">Hope this can be helpful.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">Thanks,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">Sharad. Kumar.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">Green Horizon Consulting LLP.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:blue">Gurgaon.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">2016-02-24 5:17 GMT+01:00 zhouzarah <<a href="mailto:zarahzhou@hotmail.com" target="_blank">zarahzhou@hotmail.com</a>>:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei UI",sans-serif;color:#444444">Dear eQuesters,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei UI",sans-serif;color:#444444">Sorry for the repost! I do need your help about this due to time limit. If any one can give a hint, I really appreciate that!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei UI",sans-serif;color:#444444">My client requires to do a thermal simulation for a two-story atrium/staircase to check if the cooling system is required for it. The atrium has a
revolving door, which revolves once every 30 minutes, and the swing door opens for 30 minutes every 8 hours for shift change. My question is how to simulate the revolving door and swing door in eQuest? I noticed that ASHRAE 90.1-2010 mentioned the infiltration
from these two types of doors is 1.0 cfm/ft2 tested at a pressure of at least 1.57 pounds per square foot (psf), but I do not quite understand what this means and how to use this number in my model. If any one has an idea, please give the comments. Thank you
so much!</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei UI",sans-serif;color:#444444">Best regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei UI",sans-serif;color:#444444">Zarah </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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