<font color="#336666"><font face="verdana,sans-serif">Possibly you might glean some useful info from the Design Builder documentation on the subject...</font></font><div><font color="#336666"><font face="verdana,sans-serif"><br>

</font></font></div><div><h1 style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;text-transform:capitalize;font-size:large">Green Roof</h1><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"><span class="Highligjht" style="font-weight:bold;color:rgb(0,0,128)">Green roof tab <a href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Materials.htm">Materials</a> D</span><span class="Highligjht" style="font-weight:bold;color:rgb(0,0,128)">ialog</span></p>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Green roofs can be modelled in DesignBuilder by creating a roof construction using a Green roof material as the outer layer. The green roof can receive water during the simulation from an <a href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/_Site_details.htm#Roof">irrigation system</a> and/or from<a href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/_Site_details.htm#Site">site precipitation</a> (defined separately from the hourly weather data). The initial properties of the soil layer are defined on the Green roof tab of the Materials dialog.</p>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Green walls can also be modelled though in this case the irrigation must be treated differently to roofs as walls will not naturally trap much precipitation.</p>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Note that specifying a green roof material as the material for a <i>component block</i> will not work - these only use materials for their reflective properties.</p>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><div class="MCDropDown dropDown MCDropDown_Open" style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:medium"><span class="MCDropDownHead dropDownHead" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial"><span class="MCDropDownHotSpot dropDownHotspot dropDownHotspotDropdown MCDropDownHotSpot_" style="padding-left:17px;background-image:url(http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Skins/Default/Stylesheets/DropDownOpen.gif);padding-right:0px;background-repeat:no-repeat no-repeat">Background</span></span><div class="MCDropDownBody dropDownBody" style="margin-left:18px;overflow:hidden">

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Use of green roofs (aka ecoroofs or vegetated roofs) is becoming increasingly common for both new and retrofit buildings. There is widespread recognition and a growing literature of measured data that suggest green roofs can reduce building energy consumption. The EnergyPlus Green Roof capability can assist developers and architects in assessing the likely magnitude of energy savings associated with various implementation options (e.g., soil type/depth, irrigation options, plant type). It provides a quantitative and physically-based building energy simulation tool that represents the effects of green roof constructions and facilitates more rapid spread of green roof technologies and make it possible to account for green roof benefits in state energy codes and related energy efficiency standards such as LEED.</p>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">The green roof model accounts for:</p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">

 </p><ul style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><li value="1" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Long wave and short wave radiative exchange within the plant canopy,</li><li value="2" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">

Plant canopy effects on convective heat transfer,</li><li value="3" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Evapotranspiration from the soil and plants, and</li><li value="4" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">

Heat conduction (and storage) in the soil layer</li></ul><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">
The ability to track moisture-dependent thermal properties is not implemented yet due to stability issues in the CTF scheme, but is under development for use with the finite difference solution scheme made available in EnergyPlus starting in version 2. As implemented in EnergyPlus the green roof module allows the user to specify “ecoroof” as the outer layer of a rooftop construction. The user can then specify various aspects of the green roof construction including growing media depth, thermal properties, plant canopy density, plant height, stomatal conductance (ability to transpire moisture), and soil moisture conditions (including irrigation). The model formulation includes the following:</p>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><ul style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><li value="1" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Simplified moisture balance that allows precipitation, irrigation, and moisture transport between two soil layers (top and root zone).</li>

<li value="2" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Soil and plant canopy energy balance based on the Army Corps of Engineers’ FASST vegetation models (Frankenstein and Koenig), drawing heavily from BATS (Dickenson et al.) and SiB (Sellers et al.).</li>

<li value="3" style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Soil surface (Tg) and foliage (Tf) temperature equations are solved simultaneously each time step, inverting the CTF to extract heat flux information for the energy balance calculation. The detailed energy balance analysis and resulting equations, being rather complicated, are summarized here. The interested reader is referred to the FASST documentation cited herein for the complete development. The end result is a set of two simultaneous equations for temperature—one for the soil surface and the other for the foliage. <br>

<br></li></ul></div></div><div class="MCDropDown dropDown MCDropDown_Open" style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:medium"><span class="MCDropDownHead dropDownHead" style="font-weight:bold;font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial"><span class="MCDropDownHotSpot dropDownHotspot MCDropDownHotSpot_" style="padding-left:17px;background-image:url(http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Skins/Default/Stylesheets/DropDownOpen.gif);padding-right:0px;background-repeat:no-repeat no-repeat">Green Roof Model Description</span></span><div class="MCDropDownBody dropDownBody" style="margin-left:18px;overflow:hidden">

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">As with a traditional roof, the energy balance of an green roof is dominated by radiative forcing from the sun. This solar radiation is balanced by sensible (convection) and latent (evaporative) heat flux from soil and plant surfaces combined with conduction of heat into the soil substrate. This energy balance is illustrated in the diagram below. The variables introduced in this figure are defined in the <a href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/EnergyPlus_Documentation.htm">EnergyPlus Engineering Document</a>.</p>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"><img src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/Green_roof_453x309.png"></p>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"><b>The energy balance for a green roof.</b></p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">

The energy budget analysis follows the Fast All Season Soil Strength (FASST) model developed by Frankenstein and Koenig for the US Army Corps of Engineers. FASST was developed, in part, to determine the ability of soils to support manned and unmanned vehicles and personnel movement. In order to accomplish this, however, FASST tracks the energy and moisture balance (including ice and snow) within a vegetated soil. It is a one-dimensional model that draws heavily from other plant canopy models including BATS (Dickinson et al.) and SiB (Sellers et al.). FASST is implemented in EnergyPlus with only a few modifications to adapt it for use with a relatively thin soil layer.</p>

</div></div><h2 style="font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-variant:small-caps;line-height:22px;font-size:11pt;background-color:rgb(234,234,234);margin-bottom:8pt;margin-top:12pt">Green roof data</h2><h3 style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:4.5pt;margin-top:7pt">

Height of Plants</h3><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">The average height of plants in the green roof.</p><h3 style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:4.5pt;margin-top:7pt">

Leaf Area Index (LAI)</h3><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">This is the projected leaf area per unit area of soil surface. It is a dimensionless number between 0.001 and 5.0. The tables below gives some typical values for LAI.</p>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">The table below is reproduced from <a href="http://daac.ornl.gov/VEGETATION/LAI_support_images.html#table">Global Leaf Area Index Data from Field Measurements</a>, 1932-2000</p>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"><a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/LAI.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/LAI_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></p>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">The table below is reproduced from the PhD Thesis of Chen Yu entitled <a href="http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/15511">The intervention of plants in the conflicts between buildings and climate - A case study in Singapore</a></p>

<table style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:'Times New Roman';text-align:start;margin-left:0px;margin-right:auto;caption-side:top;width:1242px"><colgroup><col style="width:327px"><col style="width:253px"><col style="width:414px"></colgroup><thead><tr>

<th style="vertical-align:middle;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Plant description</th><th style="vertical-align:middle;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:10pt">Mean Leaf Area Index (LAI)</th><th style="vertical-align:middle;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:10pt">

Picture</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"White flowers, spider lily"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">3.07</td>

<td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle"><a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image5.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image5_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Pink flowers"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">4.95</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image6.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image6_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Yellow green leaves"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">3.75</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image7.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image7_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Dark green long blades of leaves/grass"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">5.82</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image8.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image8_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Pinkish red flowers"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">2.44</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image9.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image9_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Fern-like"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">6.59</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image10.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image10_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Palm tree-like"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">4.41</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image11.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image11_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"White flowers with yellow center"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">3.21</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image12.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image12_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Small yellow green leaves"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">4.08</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image13.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image13_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Long big leaves"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">5.28</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image14.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image14_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Orange stems and leaves for those which are taller"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">2.15</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image15.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image15_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"No special features"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">3.32</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image16.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image16_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Light green edges with dark green center leave blades"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">5.83</td>

<td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle"><a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image17.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image17_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Red yellow tulip like flowers"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">3.04</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image18.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image18_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Large red leaves"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">2.33</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image19.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image19_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">"Dark green leaf blades"</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">~0</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image20.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image20_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">Tree</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">1.69</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image21.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image21_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr><tr><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">Palm tree</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">2.37</td><td style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial;vertical-align:middle">

<a class="MCPopupThumbnailLink MCPopupThumbnailHover" href="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image22.png"><img class="MCPopupThumbnail img" src="http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/helpv3.1/Content/Resources/Images/image22_thumb_0_72.jpg" style="border-top-left-radius: 5px; border-top-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-right-radius: 5px; border-bottom-left-radius: 5px; "></a></td>

</tr></tbody></table><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </p><h3 style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:4.5pt;margin-top:7pt">Leaf Reflectivity</h3><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">

The fraction of incident solar radiation that is reflected by the individual leaf surfaces. Solar radiation includes the visible spectrum as well as infrared and ultraviolet wavelengths. Values for this field must be between 0.1 and 0.4.</p>

<h3 style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:4.5pt;margin-top:7pt">Leaf Emissivity</h3><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">This field is the ratio of thermal radiation emitted from leaf surfaces to that emitted by an ideal black body at the same temperature. This parameter is used when calculating the long wavelength radiant exchange at the leaf surfaces. Values for this field must be between 0.8 and 1.0 (with 1.0 representing “black body” conditions).</p>

<h3 style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:4.5pt;margin-top:7pt">Minimum Stomatal Resistance</h3><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">This field represents the resistance of the plants to moisture transport. It has units of s/m. Plants with low values of stomatal resistance will result in higher evapotranspiration rates than plants with high resistance. Values for this field must be in the range of 50.0 to 300.0.</p>

<h3 style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:4.5pt;margin-top:7pt">Max volumetric moisture content of the soil layer (saturation)</h3><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">

Maximum volumetric moisture content of the soil depends on the properties of the soil and in particular the porosity.</p><h3 style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:4.5pt;margin-top:7pt">Min (residual) volumetric moisture content of the soil layer</h3>

<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">The minimum possible volumetric moisture content of the soil layer.</p><h3 style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:4.5pt;margin-top:7pt">

Initial volumetric moisture content of the soil layer</h3><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt">The volumetric moisture content of the soil layer at the start of the simulation. The moisture content will be updated during the course of the simulation based on surface evaporation, irrigation and precipitation.</p>

<h3 style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;margin-bottom:4.5pt;margin-top:7pt"> </h3><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Sep 25, 2012 at 11:37 PM, Dayani Nayantha <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:khd.nayantha@gmail.com" target="_blank">khd.nayantha@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>

<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Bill,<div><br></div><div>Thank you very much for your answer.</div><div><br></div><div>All,</div><div><br></div><div>I'm trying to model a green wall in my design. I thought of introducing a material by properties. And i'm thinking of having conductivity = 0 and specific heat = specific heat of water. But i have no idea what i value should put for density. Or i can introduce a material by U - value. But again I couldn't find the u - value of the grass. So please can anyone help me on this?</div>

<span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888">
<div><br><div class="gmail_quote">-- </div>Best Regards<div><br></div><div>Dayani</div><br>
</div>
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