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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I agree with what Nick wrote below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Another thing to keep in mind is that you can also increase your misc loads % by bumping up your misc loads schedule during unoccupied hours, which is a good
segway to my next point.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I used to think that 25% process loads was too high and that it could not possibly be that high in the real world. However, in the couple of buildings where
I've done M&V on, I was surprised to see that the process loads were actually about 25%, and that was because all kinds of stuff still runs at night and on weekends, as the graph below from one of my M&V projects illustrates. The misc usage is still consistently
high at nights and on weekends. In a perfect world, we assume the misc equipment is mostly off at nights and on weekends. Perhaps our schedules need to reflect more real world operation and that will certainly help in hitting the 25% mark.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">From monitoring that I've been doing since ~ April 2011, the average misc loads for this building was ~ 12.5 kW. The total average kW for the building during
the same time period was 50.88 kW. That puts the misc loads at ~ 24.6% of total on average. This was a mixed used office/higher ed building.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">My point in all of this is that the requirement of 25% misc loads is probably actually in the ballpark for many buildings. Certainly not all, however, since
each project is different.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">P.S. we have some work to do to see what's going on with all this stuff running when nobody is in the building.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img width="917" height="416" id="_x0000_i1026" src="cid:image002.png@01CCFBF1.94BE4790"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Thanks!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#339966"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#339966">JAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#339966"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><i><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#339966">James A. Hess, PE, CEM, BEMP</span></i></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><br>
Energy Engineer<br>
TME, Inc.<br>
Little Rock, AR<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Mobile: (501) 351-4667<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org [mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Nick Caton<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, March 02, 2012 11:29 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Daniel Knapp; Daniel Kaler<br>
<b>Cc:</b> equest-users<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Process Load & LEED Documentation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Daniel(s):<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">LEED has lamentably not grown to be more transparent on this issue over time, but I can say with some confidence that you really should NOT arbitrarily add
plug loads to the project to get to the 25% mark. I used to do exactly that, but found this practice can on occasion “break” a model by introducing internal heat loads the proposed systems simply cannot handle – I tried to work around that issue in various
means before thinking to ask the question on the mailing lists and learning there’s a better way. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">“Sufficient documentation” for something different (often less) than 25% does not normally require a space-by-space table, even. In my experience, when you
don’t have a some other reference to draw from, a single-line reference to a plug load W/SF value, citing the 90.1 User’s Manual or a similar is all that’s needed. This is very simply done in the LEED v3 EAp2 spreadsheet. (Offices are 0.75W/SF btw, if you
use their plug load schedule). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">A space-by-space breakdown would probably be necessary if you’re trying to document an exceptional calc to demonstrate energy-efficient computers, timed power
outlets, etc... but again not in a normal case where proposed/baseline inputs are matching. Time spent citing and using such W/SF values & scheduling is a fraction of what I used to spend iteratively messing with the proposed/baseline results (and baseline
system fan/efficiency calculations) to get to an arbitrary consumption percentage.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Now, Vikram totally correct in that 3+ W/SF
<u>can</u> be “correct” if we’re talking about a model calibrated to match reality, and it can certainly be higher or lower for an office building depending on the contents/occupants, but if you have nothing beyond the arbitrary 25% requirement driving you
to push the numbers so high - I would sooner use plug load power densities suggested by 90.1 as the better assumption.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Best of luck!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">~Nick<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><img width="119" height="37" id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image001.jpg@01CCFBF0.B1AD01D0" alt="cid:489575314@22072009-0ABB"></span><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Stylus BT","sans-serif";color:#2D4D5E"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Stylus BT","sans-serif";color:#2D4D5E"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Stylus BT","sans-serif";color:#2D4D5E">NICK CATON, P.E.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#CC9900">SENIOR ENGINEER<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#CC9900"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#2D4D5E">Smith & Boucher Engineers</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;color:#CC9900"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#2D4D5E">25501 west valley parkway, suite 200<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#2D4D5E">olathe, ks 66061<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#2D4D5E">direct 913.344.0036<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#2D4D5E">fax 913.345.0617<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><a href="www.smithboucher.com" title="blocked::www.smithboucher.com"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">www.smithboucher.com</span></a></span><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blue">
</span></u><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">
<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>
<a href="mailto:[mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org]">[mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org]</a>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Daniel Knapp<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, March 02, 2012 10:50 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Daniel Kaler<br>
<b>Cc:</b> equest-users<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Process Load & LEED Documentation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Daniel,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">My understanding is that if you can document the reasons for the process load being less than 25% (as you have below) you should be fine. I don't think arbitrarily adding process energy to your building is what LEED is looking for. Is
this what your reviewer specifically asked you to do?<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dan<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">—<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">Daniel Knapp, PhD, LEED® AP O+M<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black"><a href="mailto:danielk@arborus.ca">danielk@arborus.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">Arborus Consulting<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">Energy Strategies for the Built Environment<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black"><a href="http://www.arborus.ca">www.arborus.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">76 Chamberlain Avenue <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">Ottawa, ON, K1S 1V9 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">Phone: (613) 234-7178 ext. 113<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black">Fax: (613) 234-0740<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">
<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>
<a href="mailto:[mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org]">[mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org]</a>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Sami, Vikram<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, March 02, 2012 10:48 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Daniel Kaler; <a href="mailto:equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org">equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Process Load & LEED Documentation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">First off – 3.7 is high, but not unreasonable for an office. It depends on what you are doing in the space. I would recommend trying to get a good representation of power loads on a space by space basis rather
than spreading a uniform power intensity across the whole building – this makes a big difference with CAV & VAV systems – especially with reheat issues. If you assume 50 ft2 per workstation and around 175 W per station – that’s over 3w/ft2. Remember – connected
peak power and actual peak power are different – you need to factor in some level of diversity in your usage schedules. If you have any kind of server room – I would definitely model that as a separate space with its own system and equipment load.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Relative to the GBCI & LEED – if you document your equipment assumptions properly and can make the case that you have modeled this close to reality (I would provide a space by space table along with a usage profile),
you should be fine. The 25% is a minimum unless you can reasonably document otherwise.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D">Hope this helps<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#DCAA2C"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:gray">Vikram Sami</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:gray">, LEED AP BD+C<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:gray">Sustainable Design Analyst<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:gray">1315 Peachtree St. NE, Atlanta, GA 30309<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:gray">t: 404-443-7462 f:
</span><span lang="ES" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:gray">404.892.5823 </span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:gray"> e:
<a href="mailto:vikram.sami@perkinswill.com">vikram.sami@perkinswill.com</a> </span>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On 2012-03-02, at 10:04 AM, Daniel Kaler wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT"">Hello All,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT""> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT"">My question is regarding the 25% process load as required by LEED online. I’ll give a little background on the building first…</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT""> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT"">The building is located in northern Minnesota, rendering it a heating dominate building. Our HVAC system is a geothermal water-to-air heat pump system with an electric back up boiler.
There will be no gas usage. For this scenario, system type 4 was used for the baseline case. Since a majority of the winter will be spent below the heat pump operating temperature, in heating mode, electric resistance is the main source of heating. This being
said, my baseline system has a very large annual heating consumption.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT""> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT"">Now to my dilemma. With the large heating consumption in the baseline design, the process load was below the 25% threshold. I was advised to increase the plug load until I was able
to surpass the 25%. After multiple iterations, I came to a value of 3.7 W/sqft for the office spaces (the building is primarily offices). Obviously this is much greater than anticipated for offices spaces.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT""> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT"">Initially the process load was 30% with my<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><u>proposed design</u>, but after the modifications the process load was roughly 50% of my total
energy consumption. To my knowledge the only other option we have to is document each piece of equipment contributing to the process load.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT""> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT"">Has anyone encountered the problem before and have advice on a solution?</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT""> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT"">Thanks in advance.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT""> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT";color:#1A2A6C">Daniel Kaler</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Optima LT";color:#1A2A6C">Energy Engineer, EIT</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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