Gaurav's screenshot didn't come through for me, so to summarize, in order to take wind-speed correction factors into account you need to take the value of INF-FLOW/AREA that the wizard inputs into the detailed file and convert it to an AIR-CHANGE/HR value. eQUEST does not apply wind-speed correction to INF-FLOW/AREA (see below).<div>
<br></div><div>From DOE-2 help file on INF-METHOD:</div><div><p class="CodeWord">AIR-CHANGE </p><p class="CodeWord">The infiltration rate is calculated
using the air-change method. AIR-CHANGES/HR or INF-FLOW/AREA should be specified
if INF-METHOD = AIR-CHANGE. In this case the value AIR-CHANGES/HR will be
corrected for wind speed each hour, but the value of INF-FLOW/AREA will not be
corrected. If both AIR-CHANGES/HR and INF-FLOW/AREA are specified, the resulting
infiltration rates are added.</p><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Aug 10, 2011 at 9:50 AM, Mehta, Gaurav <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:Gaurav.Mehta@stantec.com">Gaurav.Mehta@stantec.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">Here is a recent response that I posted on Bldg-Sim.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Gaurav Mehta, LEED® AP BD+C</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black"><br>
Sustainable Building Analyst<br>Stantec<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:gray">1932 First Avenue Suite 307<br>Seattle WA 98101<br>Ph: <a href="tel:%28206%29%20770-7779" value="+12067707779" target="_blank">(206) 770-7779</a><br>
Fx: <a href="tel:%28206%29%20770-5941" value="+12067705941" target="_blank">(206) 770-5941</a><br><a href="mailto:Gaurav.Mehta@stantec.com" target="_blank">Gaurav.Mehta@stantec.com</a><u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:13.0pt;color:blue"><a href="http://www.stantec.com" target="_blank"><b><span style="color:#993333;text-decoration:none">stantec</span></b><span style="color:#003F6E;text-decoration:none">.com</span></a> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">The content of this email is the confidential property of Stantec and should not be copied, modified, retransmitted, or used for any purpose except with Stantec's written authorization. If you are not the intended recipient, please delete all copies and notify us immediately.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Webdings;color:#008040">ü</span><span style="color:blue"> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#008040">Please consider the environment before printing this email.</span><span style="color:blue"> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> <a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Nick Caton<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 10, 2011 9:40 AM<br><b>To:</b> Robby Oylear; John Bixler<br><b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org</a></span></p><div>
<div></div><div class="h5"><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Basic stuff - Infiltration<u></u><u></u></div></div><p></p></div></div><div><div></div><div class="h5"><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Robby – awesome post, thanks for linking that paper!<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">As an extra heads up/thought: depending on which infiltration method is selected, I do believe eQuest will also calculate hourly infiltration rates working from windspeed in the weather file. Details would be in the help files... I can’t recall if this happens with the default method, or if there is a single “default” method (it might vary based on how you define infiltration at the wizard level?)…<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">~Nick<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><img border="0" width="119" height="37" alt="cid:489575314@22072009-0ABB"></span><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2D4D5E"><u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2D4D5E"><u></u> <u></u></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#2D4D5E">NICK CATON, P.E.<u></u><u></u></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;color:#CC9900">SENIOR ENGINEER<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;color:#CC9900"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">Smith & Boucher Engineers</span><span style="font-size:7.5pt;color:#CC9900"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">25501 west valley parkway, suite 200<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">olathe, ks 66061<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">direct <a href="tel:913.344.0036" value="+19133440036" target="_blank">913.344.0036</a><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">fax <a href="tel:913.345.0617" value="+19133450617" target="_blank">913.345.0617</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><a href="http://www.smithboucher.com" title="blocked::www.smithboucher.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">www.smithboucher.com</span></a></span><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"> </span></u><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> Robby Oylear [mailto:<a href="mailto:robbyoylear@gmail.com" target="_blank">robbyoylear@gmail.com</a>] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 10, 2011 11:28 AM<br><b>To:</b> John Bixler<br><b>Cc:</b> Nick Caton; <a href="mailto:equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Basic stuff - Infiltration<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">John,<u></u><u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">The infiltration as a function of exterior gross wall area is only available in the wizard. I don't believe DOE2.2 is capable of having inputs that relate to the sum of a parameter of it's child components. The DOE2.2 BDL Functions do not have any references to child components (i.e. a Wall can reference a parameter of its parent Space, but a Space cannot reference a parameter of its child Wall).<u></u><u></u></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">Regarding Lawrence's initial question about converting a known tested value to a value usable within eQUEST, the PNNL Report 18898, Infiltration Modeling Guidelines for Commercial Building Energy Analysis (<a href="http://www.pnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-18898.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.pnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-18898.pdf</a>) contains formula for converting infiltration from a test case to an actual design case. Based on the example presented in the document, a conversion factor of 0.112 can be derived.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">So a tested air leakage of 0.40 CFM/SF at 0.30 in. w.g. would be modeled at 0.045 CFM/SF. This value is modeled at 100% when building fan system is off and 25% when the building fan system is on.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">Granted, this may be an oversimplification for eQUEST, as the document was written for EnergyPlus which contains a wind-driven infiltration model, but it seems to be a good starting point at least if you have test information available.<u></u><u></u></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:1.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#632423">Robby Oylear, LEED<sup>®</sup> AP BD+C</span></b><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:black">Mechanical Project Engineer</span></i><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:black">Energy Analyst</span></i><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:black"> </span></i><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#632423">D</span></b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#1F497D"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;color:black"><a href="tel:206-788-4571" value="+12067884571" target="_blank">206-788-4571</a> |</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#BFAB7F"> </span><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#632423">C</span></b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#A50021"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;color:black"><a href="tel:206-354-2721" value="+12063542721" target="_blank">206-354-2721</a></span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><a href="http://www.rushingco.com/" target="_blank"><b><i><span style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:115%;color:#632423">www.rushingco.com</span></i></b></a><u></u><u></u></p></div>
<div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal">On Wed, Aug 10, 2011 at 8:17 AM, John Bixler <<a href="mailto:JBixler@sebesta.com" target="_blank">JBixler@sebesta.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
<div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Thanks for the response Nick.</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">As I recall from a recent foray into this subject in eQuest (in detailed mode), the cfm/sq ft entry is based on floor area.</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><br>It would be logical that if cfm/sq ft of exterior wall is an option in wizard mode, it would also be an option in detailed mode – I just haven’t dug that far yet.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> Nick Caton [mailto:<a href="mailto:ncaton@smithboucher.com" target="_blank">ncaton@smithboucher.com</a>] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 10, 2011 10:08 AM<br><b>To:</b> John Bixler; <a href="mailto:equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> RE: [Equest-users] Basic stuff - Infiltration</span><u></u><u></u></p>
</div></div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi John – thanks for your thoughts!</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">I was relating some of the same concerns with others off-list … I’m am no infiltration-auditing expert (though some lurk among us here on the lists ^_~), but one thing I can say based on my past attempts to build a better mousetrap regarding infiltration is that where ASHRAE may be generally vague on the topic – they are actually doing a lot to say (if not always directly) that whole building infiltration is a very difficult thing to quantify at best (sorry for excessive use of parentheticals (I mean it!)…).</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">The best guidance imaginable that would still be practical in day-to-day use would have to rely in some part on subjective observations (guesses) regarding envelope constructions. Two brick walls of certain grout/masonry ratios weathered for the same period in the same climate may still have different leakiness because the two masons used slightly different grout mixes… What I’m getting at is you couldn’t realistically construct a table that covered every variable, and many variables are not “knowable.” </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">That’s not to say the residential ACH table isn’t useful for subjective estimations, nor that research couldn’t be undertaken to raise the bar a notch. As John is alluding, a table providing representative commercial envelope constructions (with accompanying illustrations!) and/or layer combinations could be undertaken that would provide infiltration performance as a function of time. Values could be given for new construction, and after weathering for 1/5/10 years. While new constructions/layers could be assessed in a controlled environment, initial research on aged constructions would need to be done sampling within a single climate zone. Separate/concurrent research could explore determining multipliers on the weathering effects based on varying climate and geography… All things being equal, a beachside wall built in Miami, FL with lots of sun/salt/torrential rain seasons and the occasional hurricane will weather differently over a decade than the same wall in a milder climate. The net result of such research could ultimately produce some really helpful tools in better assessing existing and new constructions for a variety of industries and purposes (energy modeling included).</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Considering the growing presence and pressing need for better tools in the world of energy modeling, I would put forward prime candidates for whole construction assemblies would be ASHRAE 90.1 baseline constructions as defined in Appendix A. </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">For all I know, such research may be underway or completed years ago – my ear is not quite so close to the ground with the academic world… can anyone comment?</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">To another point you brought up – eQuest is quite capable of using your personally developed CFM/ft2 values – in the wizards even! In detailed mode you’ll find there are inputs for more involved estimations as well if you wish to pursue other methods:</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Error! Filename not specified.</span></b><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Error! Filename not specified.</span></b><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Error! Filename not specified.</span></b><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2D4D5E"> </span></b><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#2D4D5E">NICK CATON, P.E.</span></b><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;color:#CC9900">SENIOR ENGINEER</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;color:#CC9900"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">Smith & Boucher Engineers</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">25501 west valley parkway, suite 200</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">olathe, ks 66061</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">direct <a href="tel:913.344.0036" target="_blank">913.344.0036</a></span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">fax <a href="tel:913.345.0617" target="_blank">913.345.0617</a></span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><a href="http://www.smithboucher.com" title="blocked::www.smithboucher.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">www.smithboucher.com</span></a></span><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"> </span></u><u></u><u></u></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> <a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>John Bixler<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 10, 2011 9:23 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Basic stuff - Infiltration</span><u></u><u></u></p>
</div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">My own personal opinion is that ASHRAE Fundamentals has not rescued us here.</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">As Nick mentioned, the data presented there is for residential houses and relies on incredibly vague and subjective judgment calls by the modeler. </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Furthermore, the values presented are in the unit’s of air changes per hour. To me, this is a terrible way to use the data. Your entries for infiltration then rely on the volume of the room to determine the amount of infiltration. The volume of the room (zone is probably a better term) has NOTHING to do with the infiltration. What if I have a gym that’s 150’x100’x50’ tall, but it only has 10’ wide by 50’ tall of exterior wall??? If I use the ASHRAE method and rely on air changes per hour, the zone will be modeled with a HUGE GIGANTIC REALLY REALLY LARGE amount of infiltration. </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Yet this seems to be the only recourse we have that is grounded in any sort of defendable data.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">I have looked and looked for a reliable report or other source for real world commercial/institutional construction infiltration values to no avail. It would be so incredibly useful.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">I have, over the course of my energy modeling career, developed a set of seemingly practical infiltration values to use, using the units of “CFM per sq ft of gross external wall area” available in Trane Trace (I don’t believe these units are an option in eQuest). These values were developed by taking a number of buildings with no infiltration and arbitrarily adding infiltration in, until I get a reasonable utility consumption value. Hardly scientific and no way could I defend these values if they came under scrutiny, other than to say “well, you got a better idea????”</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Some may say “Eh, who cares about infiltration anyway?”. Well, it makes a bigger difference then you’d think. </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">A novice user who relies on the ASHRAE air changes per hour is likely significantly oversizing their cooling equipment in large rooms (ie conference, assembly, gyms, etc) which is exactly where you don’t want to be oversizing cooling equipment. </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Think about the components of a heating load – envelope conduction losses, taking in cold OA…and infiltration. Envelope losses are generally small, the design community likes to temper their OA (rightfully so), so where is a major component of the heating (consumption) load coming from? Infiltration really adds up. </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">How do you justify replacing leaky, wood sash windows? How bout making a switch to spray foam insulation? How about modeling door seals? </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">I’ve rambled enough. Point being, we all are forced to use arbitrary numbers for something that is a significant component of both equipment sizing and energy modeling and it just makes me mad and embarrassed when I have to explain to a client or colleague “well those are really important, but completely imaginary, numbers…”</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><div><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> <a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Bruce Easterbrook<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, August 09, 2011 5:41 PM<br><b>To:</b> John Bixler<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Basic stuff - Infiltration</span><u></u><u></u></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt">Since 1922!<br>Bruce Easterbrook P.Eng.<br>Abode Engineering<br>ASHRAE Member</span><br><br>On 09/08/2011 06:11 PM, lawrence Lile wrote: <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">Good ol ASHRAE Fundamentals! Why didn't I think of looking there? Thanks! <u></u><u></u></p>
<div><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"> <u></u><u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal">On Mon, Aug 8, 2011 at 11:36 AM, Nick Caton <<a href="mailto:ncaton@smithboucher.com" target="_blank">ncaton@smithboucher.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
<div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Hi Lawrence,</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">My copy of ASHRAE Principles of HVAC includes a table (5-1) excerpted from ASHRAE Fundamentals, 2001 (Table 7, Ch 28). This table provides air change rates as a function of subjective envelope airtightness (“tight” / “medium” / “loose”) and as a function of the outdoor design temperature. Upon reviewing the referenced Fundamentals chapter, I learned this table is built from research surveying residential homes of various vintages, so it helps to know that these are “tight” to “loose” residential constructions. </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">In any case, I’ve used and cited this resource before when modeling infiltration and calculating sizing loads for non-residential projects as well. I’ve searched, but have yet to come up with an equivalent table based on surveying and measuring commercial constructions from a subjective/objective standpoint… That might be handier, but in the meantime this is a good tool for “converting” your subjective observations into the right ballpark. </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">~Nick</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D">Error! Filename not specified.</span></b><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#2D4D5E"> </span></b><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#2D4D5E">NICK CATON, P.E.</span></b><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;color:#CC9900">SENIOR ENGINEER</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:7.5pt;color:#CC9900"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">Smith & Boucher Engineers</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">25501 west valley parkway, suite 200</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">olathe, ks 66061</span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">direct <a href="tel:913.344.0036" target="_blank">913.344.0036</a></span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E">fax <a href="tel:913.345.0617" target="_blank">913.345.0617</a></span><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"><a href="http://www.smithboucher.com" title="blocked::www.smithboucher.com" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">www.smithboucher.com</span></a></span><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"> </span></u><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D"> </span><u></u><u></u></p><div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> <a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>lawrence Lile<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, August 07, 2011 12:50 PM</span><u></u><u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal"><br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org</a><u></u><u></u></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Subject:</b> [Equest-users] Basic stuff - Infiltration<u></u><u></u></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal">In building modeling programs one always has to provide precise values for infiltration. In the real world, I will know one of two things: almost nothing (The building appears to be kinda leaky with old windows), or I will have a blower door test done at a specific pressure. How do I convert subjective ("kinda leaky") or objective (Blower door test) leakage into numbers that make sense in the program? Is there a guide one can use? <u></u><u></u></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">--Lawrence<u></u><u></u></p></div></div></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"> <u></u><u></u></p>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"> <u></u><u></u></p><pre>_______________________________________________<u></u><u></u></pre><pre>Equest-users mailing list<u></u><u></u></pre><pre><a href="http://lists.onebuilding.org/listinfo.cgi/equest-users-onebuilding.org" target="_blank">http://lists.onebuilding.org/listinfo.cgi/equest-users-onebuilding.org</a><u></u><u></u></pre>
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<u></u> <u></u></p></div></div></div></div></div><br><br>---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: "Mehta, Gaurav" <<a href="mailto:Gaurav.Mehta@stantec.com">Gaurav.Mehta@stantec.com</a>><br>To: "<a href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a>" <<a href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a>><br>
Date: Tue, 2 Aug 2011 11:12:31 -0600<br>Subject: Re: [Bldg-sim] RE : Infiltration effect in Climate 1<br>
<div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">Richard,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">Are you using the default infiltration rate (0.038 cfm/ft2 of external wall area) for the perimeter spaces?
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">eQUEST calculates the cfm based on the external wall area and then converts this to an infiltration flow (cfm/ft2 of floor area of the space).
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">As Fredrick has pointed out this infiltration flow assigned by eQUEST to each perimeter space is not depended on the climate.
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">See the help section screenshot below:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><img width="522" height="518"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">It is a flat rate assigned to each space and does not include any wind speed correction and inside-outside temperature difference. The 0.038 cfm/ft2 (of external
wall area) infiltration rate was included in the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989 as a beginning assumption and that’s what shows up in eQUEST as default.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">It is good that you are questioning the effect of infiltration on the energy use of building that you are modeling. In the absence of blower door test results it
is difficult to imagine the real infiltration rate in a building as it depends on many factors such as the workmanship of the actual construction, stack effect, inside-outside temperature difference, wind-speed and how well the building is pressurized by the
HVAC system. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">I’ll suggest go through the following study by PNNL:
<a href="http://www.pnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-18898.pdf" target="_blank">
Infiltration Modeling Guidelines for Commercial Building Energy Analysis</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">Although the report is Energy Plus specific but it can be applied to eQUEST as well. In a recent project I used the PNNL guidelines and further converted the infiltration
flow for each space to air-changes per hour to take the wind-speed correction into account. This method still has limitation of not taking into account the inside-outside temperature difference (see above screen-shot). I found the rest of the methods that
include both wind-speed correction and inside-outside temperature difference to be specific to residential buildings.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">Hope it helps.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">Thanks.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">Best regards,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue">Gaurav
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Gaurav Mehta, LEED® AP BD+C</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black"><br>
Sustainable Building Analyst<br>
Stantec<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:gray">1932 First Avenue Suite 307<br>
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Ph: <a href="tel:%28206%29%20770-7779" value="+12067707779" target="_blank">(206) 770-7779</a><br>
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<a href="mailto:Gaurav.Mehta@stantec.com" target="_blank">Gaurav.Mehta@stantec.com</a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:Webdings;color:#008040">ü</span><span style="color:blue"> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#008040">Please consider the environment before printing
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black"> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:blue"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">
<a href="mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>
<a href="mailto:[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org]" target="_blank">[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org]</a>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Genest, Frederic<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 01, 2011 6:03 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> ROBERT GOMEZ; <a href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Bldg-sim] RE : Infiltration effect in Climate 1<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Hello Richard.<br>
<br>
I'm not used to eQuest, but since it is using DOE in the background, same as EE4 I'm using more frequently, I'll try to answer correctly.<br>
<br>
Climate Zone has nothing to do with infiltration rates, except when in comes to wind speed and such. However, I don't think DOE is considering wind speed when calculating infiltration rates; it is usually defined as a constant, based on a value such as ACH
or cfm/ft.sq. of wall area.<br>
<br>
As such, I would start to check your infiltration inputs to see what is defined, first in eQuest and then in the DOE input file. I'm pretty sure you'll find your answer somewhere there.<br>
<br>
Also note that design infiltration rate and "actual, under operating conditions" infiltration rate, are two different things. The average constant infiltration rate is adequate enough for the later one.<br>
<br>
Also, if you ever need to model a real infiltration from blower door test results, I personnaly use the 50 Pa value divided by 20 for actual, normal operation conditions, while the 75 Pa value would be divided by 35 (in whatever units those values are provided).<br>
<br>
Regards.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Frederic Genest, ing., M.Sc.A.<br>
LEED AP, ASHRAE HBDP<br>
<a href="mailto:fgenest@pageaumorel.com" target="_blank">fgenest@pageaumorel.com</a><br>
<br>
Pageau Morel et associés<br>
210 Cremazie Ouest, suite 110<br>
Montréal, Qc H2P 1C6<br>
T) <a href="tel:514-382-5150" value="+15143825150" target="_blank">514-382-5150</a> begin_of_the_skype_highlighting <a href="tel:514-382-5150" value="+15143825150" target="_blank">514-382-5150</a> end_of_the_skype_highlighting begin_of_the_skype_highlighting <a href="tel:514-382-5150" value="+15143825150" target="_blank">514-382-5150</a> end_of_the_skype_highlighting F)<a href="tel:514-384-9872" value="+15143849872" target="_blank">514-384-9872</a><br>
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<br>
<br>
-------- Message d'origine--------<br>
De: ROBERT GOMEZ [<a href="mailto:rsg4999@yahoo.com" target="_blank">mailto:rsg4999@yahoo.com</a>]<br>
Date: dim. 31/07/2011 23:05<br>
À: <a href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br>
Objet : [Bldg-sim] Infiltration effect in Climate 1<br>
<br>
Hello all,<br>
<br>
I'm currently involved in a project that is located in International Climate Zone 1 (Very Hot - Humid). The building has no heating system, HVAC systems are only for cooling. Infiltration effect is smaller than I expected from the eQuest energy model result. I
know it has something to do with the climate. Can anyone tell me the reason why?<br>
<br>
Thanks in advance!<br>
<br>
<br>
Richard Gulli<br>
Project Engineer</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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