I'm sorry for not being clear, but I've had little sleep in the last few days cause of a darn project. I don't really change the occupancy schedule, rather I create a DCV schedule which is sort of based on the occupancy schedule but w/ hrs reduced to reflect them coming and going from meetings or whatever the space is used for. It's probably what the new DCV commands do in eQUEST, I just haven't had the time or opportunity to use them yet.<br>
<br>Carol<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Jul 27, 2010 at 11:51 AM, Paul Riemer <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:Paul.Riemer@dunhameng.com">Paul.Riemer@dunhameng.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;">
<div link="blue" vlink="purple" lang="EN-US">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Ron and Carol,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Would you please clarify by referencing EQUEST/DOE-2.2 commands?
Are you modeling DCV by changing the space occupancy schedule (SPACE:
PEOPLE-SCHEDULE)? What are your outside air inputs? Is this the dummy
space in a DOAS system? Are you making other creative changes like
putting all of your occupant heat gain in as a process load? I am gasping
to understand the validity of changing the people schedule.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">I have always valid DCV modeling is best done in eQUEST/DOE-2.2 by
changing the system minimum outside air schedule (SYSTEM: MIN-AIR-SCH). Even
just changing the system minimum outside air control method (SYSTEM:
MIN-OA-METHOD) seems iffy because I think the approach that ignores the floor
area component of Std 62.1. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Thanks,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Paul Riemer</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Dunham</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></p>
<div>
<div style="border-width: 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; border-color: rgb(181, 196, 223) -moz-use-text-color -moz-use-text-color; padding: 3pt 0in 0in;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> <a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>
[mailto:<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Bishop,
Bill<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 27, 2010 1:32 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> James Hansen; ron lamarre; equest-users<div><div></div><div class="h5"><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Demand Controlled Ventilation and EA Credit
1</div></div></span></p>
</div>
</div><div><div></div><div class="h5">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;">Ron,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;">I’m with James on this one. I can see changing lighting or
equipment schedules to capture ECMs but changing occupancy schedules makes no
sense unless you’re modeling telecommuting or 4-day work week. You can
capture DCV savings in eQUEST by selecting DCV as the Minimum OA Control Method
for the system and having an occupancy schedule with a varying percentage (not
100%) during occupied hours. Using the same occupancy schedule, the model with
DCV will heat/cool less OA air and show savings.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;">Regards,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;">Bill</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: navy;"> </span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Franklin Gothic Medium Cond","serif"; color: black;">William Bishop, PE, BEMP, LEED<sup>®</sup> AP </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Franklin Gothic Medium Cond","serif"; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);">|</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Franklin Gothic Medium Cond","serif"; color: black;"> Pathfinder Engineers & Architects LLP</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">Mechanical Engineer</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: navy;">134 South Fitzhugh Street</span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: navy;"><br>
</span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: navy;">Rochester, NY 14608</span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: navy;"><br>
</span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: navy;">T: (585) 325-6004 </span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">Ext. 114</span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: navy;"><br>
</span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: navy;">F: (585) 325-6005</span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;"><a href="mailto:wbishop@pathfinder-ea.com" target="_blank">wbishop@pathfinder-ea.com</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;"><a href="http://www.pathfinder-ea.com" target="_blank">www.pathfinder-ea.com</a></span><span style="color: navy;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Webdings; color: green;">P</span><span style="color: green;"> </span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: green;">Sustainability – less is more.</span><span style="color: green;"></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center;" align="center">
<hr align="center" width="100%" size="2">
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a> [mailto:<a href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>James Hansen<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 27, 2010 2:23 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> ron lamarre; equest-users<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Demand Controlled Ventilation and EA Credit
1</span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: red;">“</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: red;">For the record, the occupancy schedule refers to the people present
within the space. For instance, a space within the baseline
(not required by ASHRAE to have DCV) would have the max number of
occupants for the entire occupied-mode schedule; however, the proposed would
have the max number of people for only as many hours
as submitted in the project narrative for FTE usage of the space, and
a minimum number of people (or no one) for the remaining occupied-mode
time. Thus we create an occupancy (people) schedule for the space.
During the unoccupied mode the fans would cycle as required with no
people, no lighting (automatic shut off), acting on the heating &
cooling loads. We would not install DCV if the occupant loads didn't
change during the occupied mode.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Ron,
please educate me if I’m reading your email wrong, but are you saying
that your occupancy schedule in the proposed design does not match the baseline
design? This is strictly prohibited in App G I thought… You can change
schedules to take advantage of non-standard ECMs like DCV, and automatic lighting
reductions for the use of occupancy sensors (in rooms NOT already required to
have them by code). But having a conference room 100% occupied from 7am-6pm in
the baseline model and only 100% occupied from 9am-noon in the proposed model
is not a valid way to demonstrate savings from DCV, since there will be energy
savings related to the people latent/sensible production that has nothing to do
with DCV. Don’t you have to create a minimum outside air schedule to
demonstrate DCV savings? If you have received credit for simply reducing the
Occupancy Schedule in the proposed model, that is very interesting…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Thanks!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: teal;">GHT Limited<br>
</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">James Hansen</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">, PE, LEED AP</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">Senior Associate</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">1010 N. Glebe Rd, Suite 200</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">Arlington, VA 22201-4749</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">703-338-5754 (Cell)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">703-243-1200 (Office)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">703-276-1376 (Fax)</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: teal;"><a href="http://www.ghtltd.com/" target="_blank">www.ghtltd.com</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(49, 132, 155);"> </span></b></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> ron lamarre
[mailto:<a href="mailto:lamarre_arch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">lamarre_arch@yahoo.com</a>] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, July 27, 2010 2:08 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> James Hansen; equest-users<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] Demand Controlled Ventilation and EA Credit
1</span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Hi
James:</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">For
the record, the occupancy schedule refers to the people present within the
space. For instance, a space within the baseline (not required
by ASHRAE to have DCV) would have the max number of occupants for the
entire occupied-mode schedule; however, the proposed would have the max number
of people for only as many hours as submitted in the project
narrative for FTE usage of the space, and a minimum number of people (or no
one) for the remaining occupied-mode time. Thus we create an occupancy
(people) schedule for the space. During the unoccupied mode the fans
would cycle as required with no people, no lighting (automatic shut
off), acting on the heating & cooling loads. We would
not install DCV if the occupant loads didn't change during the occupied
mode.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">We
also use general lighting schedules that take advantage of installed occupancy
sensors, and process load schedules that take advantage of Energy Star
computers and monitiors.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The
HVAC engineer decides the minimum design rate for each space to work (heating
& cooling) if fully occupied with all the lights, process loads, and people
during the occupied mode. This is normally at or above the 62.1 and/or
other code-required minimums (never below due to the LEED pre-requisite).
Sharing the reduction schedules placed into eQuest with a
template-narrative to support the reductions (based on ASHRAE 90.1, Energy
Star, etc... %-reductions) has been accepted by LEED.</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">We
utilize an integrated design team method, where the engineers and
I review the models that I construct. We also get peer
reviews when we think it's necessary and/or when LEED throws us a
curve. We pay for our peer reviews. I'm confident that anything we've submitted does not
prove inconsistency within the review of EAc1.<br>
</span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Ron
Lamarre, AIA, NCARB</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Architect
- <b><span>LEED AP BD+C</span></b></span><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;">Design
+ Energy Modeling + LEED Administration</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
<hr align="center" width="100%" size="1">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> James Hansen
<<a href="mailto:JHANSEN@ghtltd.com" target="_blank">JHANSEN@ghtltd.com</a>><br>
<b>To:</b> ron lamarre <<a href="mailto:lamarre_arch@yahoo.com" target="_blank">lamarre_arch@yahoo.com</a>>; Karen Walkerman
<<a href="mailto:kwalkerman@gmail.com" target="_blank">kwalkerman@gmail.com</a>>; <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tue, July 27, 2010 12:57:21 PM<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Equest-users] Demand Controlled Ventilation and EA Credit
1</span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: red;">“Each model that I've done for LEED utilizes the same
ventilation rates between the proposed and design; whether it was ASHRAE 62.1
or IMC 2003; however, the occupancy schedules changed in spaces where DCV was
installed.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Ron, that’s an interesting statement in itself –
modifying occupancy schedules has an impact on the mechanical cooling (not just
the cooling associated with reduced ventilation air), which isn’t really
fair. Was that approved by GBCI? If so, I guess it’s further
proof that there is still a lot of inconsistency in the review of EAc1. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Karen, I think your letter does a good job of requesting an
official “ruling” from the USGBC.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> </span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: teal;">GHT Limited<br>
</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">James Hansen, PE, LEED AP</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">Senior Associate</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">1010 N. Glebe Rd, Suite 200</span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">Arlington, VA 22201-4749</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">703-338-5754 (Cell)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">703-243-1200 (Office)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; color: black;">703-276-1376 (Fax)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: teal;"><a href="http://www.ghtltd.com/" target="_blank">www.ghtltd.com</a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(49, 132, 155);"> </span></b></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span></p>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">
<hr align="center" width="100%" size="1">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><b><span style="font-size: 10pt;">From:</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Karen Walkerman
<<a href="mailto:kwalkerman@gmail.com" target="_blank">kwalkerman@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>To:</b> equest-users <<a href="mailto:equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tue, July 27, 2010 12:10:27 PM<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Equest-users] Demand Controlled Ventilation and EA Credit 1</span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">All,</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">below is a draft letter to the EA Credit 1 TAG chair. I
welcome any edits, or critiques, and if anyone would like to be a co-signer of
the letter, please let me know.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">Thanks,</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">--</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">Karen</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">It has come to our attention from a posting on the eQuest
list-serve that a fellow energy-modeling professional has been asked to model
proposed design and baseline design ventilation rates differently where the
proposed design model utilizes demand controlled ventilation. We have
searched the ASHRAE 90.1 documentation as well as the LEED reference
documentation and consistently find the requirement that baseline ventilation
rates be modeled the same as the proposed design, and that credit can be taken
for demand controlled ventilation.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">We understand that large energy savings can be gained from
demand controlled ventilation and that in certain cases, 'gaming' of the system
could result in abnormally high ventilation rates for the baseline design,
while the DCV system keeps ventilation rates low in the proposed design,
however, our main concern is that energy modelers are being made aware of
changes to guidelines during the design review process. At this stage,
the energy modeler has already completed a significant amount of work in
preparing the proposed and baseline design energy models, and all associated
documentation. Changing the baseline design ventilation rates requires
re-modeling of the building and increases the likelihood that the project will
have to challenge a 'rejected' result if the LEED reviewer is not satisfied
with the energy modeler's response and modeling changes.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">We feel that it may be time to develop modeling guidelines
for demand controlled ventilation, and that these guidelines should be
developed, released, and required in a similar fashion to the district energy
guidelines published by LEED for NC 2.2 Furthermore, we feel that any
changes made to EA Credit 1 energy modeling guidelines should be made with
adequate notice to the energy modeling community.</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">Thank you for your consideration on this issue,</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">--</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">Karen Walkerman</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;">Second Law</p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">
<hr align="center" width="100%" size="2">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">The information contained in this communication is confidential,
may be privileged, and is intended only for the use of the addressee. It
is the property of GHT Limited. Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying
of this communication or any part thereof is strictly prohibited and may be
unlawful. If you have received this communication in error, please notify
me immediately by return e-mail or by e-mail to </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"><a href="mailto:ght@ghtltd.com" target="_blank"><span>ght@ghtltd.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">, and destroy this
communication and all copies thereof, including all attachments. Thank
you.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"> </span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"> </p>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;">
<hr align="center" width="100%" size="2">
</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">The information contained in this
communication is confidential, may be privileged, and is intended only for the
use of the addressee. It is the property of GHT Limited.
Unauthorized use, disclosure or copying of this communication or any part
thereof is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received
this communication in error, please notify me immediately by return e-mail or
by e-mail to </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;"><a href="mailto:ght@ghtltd.com" target="_blank"><span>ght@ghtltd.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black;">, and
destroy this communication and all copies thereof, including all
attachments. Thank you.</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; color: blue;"></span></p>
</div></div></div>
</div>
</blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><br>-- <br>Carol Gardner PE<br>
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