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As the current chair of TC 4.2 Climatic Information, I feel
obligated to reply :-)
<div class="moz-forward-container">
<p>While I admire Chris' and your enthusiasm, I am pretty certain
that the design temperatures in the ASHRAE Handbook grew out of
the needs of the HVAC engineers going back at least to the
1940's for cooling, and even much earlier for heating. I'm
hoping that Jeff Haberl can clarify the situation and have cc'd
him on this e-mail to get his attention. I've also cc'd the
TC4.2 Group in case others remember more clearly the history of
ASHRAE design temperatures. If I were a betting man, I would
wager the HOF design temperatures came out of either the
industry (Carrier ?) or engineers within the predecessor
societies AHVE, ASHE that merged in 1959 to form ASHRAE, and
that the Air Force adopted it in their publication, rather than
the other way around. As Michael had pointed out, the AF
publication states that the design temperatures were "intended
to support design and construction of DOD facilities", with no
mention of use in military aviation. <br>
</p>
<p>It's funny how this almost off-the-cuff decision had endured
and got embellished to make it seem more hefty. For example, in
the 1960's engineers got concerned about dynamic effects and so
added on hourly profiles for temperature, solar, wind, etc., to
create an artificial design day, and in the 1990's to
accommodate climates with different seasons (or no seasons!) the
criteria was switched from a seasonal 1% to an annual 0.4%.
Why 0.4% ? Simply because the temperatures would match the
previous 1% seasonal (I was in TC 4.2 at the time and recalled
those discussions). The evolution of ASHRAE Design Conditions
would seem also to make an interesting and informative paper.</p>
<p>As far as meteorology having an impact on military operations,
I can describe an old family story. My father, <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/photos/irving-p.-krick-dr.-hsia-chien-huang?sort=mostpopular&mediatype=photography&phrase=irving%20p.%20krick%20dr.%20hsia%20chien%20huang&license=rf,rm&page=1&recency=anydate&suppressfamilycorrection=true">Dr.
Hsia-Chien Huang</a>, was the Chief Meteorologist of China
during World War Two. He received his Ph.D. at Caltech in the
late 1930's studying with <a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_P._Krick">Dr.
Irving Krick</a>. Dr. Krick was hired by General Eisenhower to
forecast the weather for the Normandy Invasion. The details are
in the web page so I won't describe them here, only to say that
I grew up hearing that Dr. Krick predicted the weather for the
invasion and that someone in the UK actually produced a play
about this incident. Since Dr. Krick sponsored my family to the
US in 1955, I can say that the only reason I'm in the US is due
to meteorology! For the oldtimers in TC 4.2, can you guess who
picked up my family when we arrived in Denver 64 years ago?
Loren Crow, who was then working for Dr. Krick, as did my
father afterwards. Loren was very involved in TC 4.2 up until
the early 1990s, having created the original WYEC files and the
CTZ files for California. Gee, maybe all these deep personal
connections to meteorology might explain my late life
pre-occupation with weather data!<br>
</p>
<p>Joe<br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 6/7/2019 7:05 AM, Michael J Witte
via Bldg-sim wrote:<br>
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Chris - Sure, go right ahead and write a joint article for CIBSE
and ASHRAE.<br>
<br>
I know ASHRAE is working on interviewing those with a long-time
perspective (old-timers) to document early ASHRAE work.<br>
Jeff H - anything related to weather data happening in the
history effort? Maybe some members of the weather data TC would
contribute.<br>
<br>
Linda - Does the forward of Engineering Weather Data have any
mention of the motivation for that data? Is that where the
concept of using 99% etc. was first used?<br>
<br>
Anyone out there have a copy of the Fluor Products publication?
It was cited as the source of the US design data in the 1972
HOF.<br>
Evaluated Weather Data For Cooling Equipment Design, Addendum
No. 1, Summer and Winter Data (Fluor Products Company, Santa
Rosa, Calif., 1964).<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 6/6/2019 8:30 AM, Linda Lawrie
wrote:<br>
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<font size="3">I have a copy of the Engineering Weather Data
document (1978 version). (Thanks, Bob H). <br>
<br>
And many other historical "weather data" documents though
not sure how many discuss heating/cooling design data.<br>
<br>
Linda<br>
<br>
At 04:32 AM 6/6/2019, Chris Yates via Bldg-sim wrote:<br>
<br>
</font>
<blockquote type="cite" class="cite" cite=""><font size="3">Wow.
You know what Michael. I think you have the makings of an
ASHRAE journal atricle! I want to do something similar for
CIBSE. I'd love to use your findings. <br>
On 5 Jun 2019 23:21, "Michael J Witte via Bldg-sim" <<a
href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org"
moz-do-not-send="true"> bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a>>
wrote:<br>
</font>
<dl>
<dd>I haven't seen a reply yet to this, so here goes . . .<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>The oldest ASHRAE handbook on my shelf is a 1972 HOF
(thanks Bob H.!). Chapter 33 is Weather Data and Design
Conditions. The reference list includes these two
primary sources:<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>Evaluated Weather Data For Cooling Equipment Design,
Addendum No. 1, Summer and Winter Data (Fluor Products
Company, Santa Rosa, Calif., 1964).<br>
</dd>
<dd>and<br>
</dd>
<dd>Engineering Weather Data (Army, Navy, and Air Force
Manual TM 5-785, 1963).<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>You can buy a copy of the 1958 edition of Evaluated
Weather Data on amazon<br>
</dd>
<dd> <a
href="https://www.amazon.com/Evaluated-Weather-Cooling-Equipment-Design/dp/B000HDSNFY"
moz-do-not-send="true">
https://www.amazon.com/Evaluated-Weather-Cooling-Equipment-Design/dp/B000HDSNFY</a>
<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>I bet someone out there has a copy of the Engineering
Weather Data manual on a shelf. Some quick searching
leads to this later online version.<br>
</dd>
<dd> <a
href="http://web.utk.edu/~archinfo/EcoDesign/escurriculum/weather_data/weather_data_summ.html"
moz-do-not-send="true">
http://web.utk.edu/~archinfo/EcoDesign/escurriculum/weather_data/weather_data_summ.html</a>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>which says:<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>"The Engineering Weather Data (EWD) and other products
were developed by the Air Force Combat Climatology
Center (AFCCC). Data is provided for approximately 800
stations worldwide. Intended to support design and
construction of DOD facilities, the format is slanted
toward professional engineers, but could have numerous
other uses. "<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>Searching AFCCC leads here to a fascinating history.<br>
</dd>
<dd><a
href="https://www.airweaassn.org/Library/afwa/history.html"
moz-do-not-send="true">
https://www.airweaassn.org/Library/afwa/history.html</a><br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>"The mission of AFCCC is one of military applied
climatology. We collect, maintain, and apply worldwide
weather data, creating climatological products to
strengthen the combat capability of America's
warfighters. AFCCC's support to America's warfighters
has a long history."<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>And a fitting excerpt on the 75th anniversary of
D-Day:<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>"There was probably no WWII operation, major or minor,
that did not include climatological input. The planning
for every landing, mission, and offensive, including the
D-Day invasion in 1944 and the atomic bombing of Japan,
required extensive climatological preparation and
analyses."<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>So, Chris, your impression appears correct. Weather
data statistics were motivated by military requirements
(for better or worse), and marketing cooling equipment.<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>Mike<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>p.s. The pages from the 1972 HOF are included in a
digitized NBSLD manual (one of the great mother programs
of building simulation), pdf p. 287ff.<br>
</dd>
<dd> <a
href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-C13-9bcc6856169c63cf2c5ab81af189bd75/pdf/GOVPUB-C13-9bcc6856169c63cf2c5ab81af189bd75.pdf"
moz-do-not-send="true">
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-C13-9bcc6856169c63cf2c5ab81af189bd75/pdf/GOVPUB-C13-9bcc6856169c63cf2c5ab81af189bd75.pdf</a>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>On 5/20/2019 4:16 AM, Chris Yates via Bldg-sim wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite" class="cite" cite=""> <dd>Hi
All <br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>Does anybody have any interesting background on
the sources of (and motivations for calculating) the
outdoor design conditions now available in ASHRAE
HOF?<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>My impression is that it was possibly derived for
the purposes of keeping B52's and allied v-bombers
ready for action at a moment's notice.<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>Cheers<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>Chris<br>
<br>
<br>
</dd>
<dd>
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