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    <p>The rain and snow flags are still available in the raw weather
      station data, but haven't been included in the processed weather
      files since the 1990's because  everyone in this hemisphere at
      least have adopted the TMY2/TMY3 formats, in content  if not the
      literal file format, developed by NREL, which does not include
      these two flags. I was also under the impression that none of the
      simulation programs, such as DOE-2, do not use these two flags
      anyway.   If these flags are of use, it would make sense to
      include them, which would not require a change in the DOE-2 *.BINM
      format, but would require a change to the EnergyPlus *.epw format.</p>
    <p>Joe<br>
    </p>
    <pre class="moz-signature" cols="90">Joe Huang
White Box Technologies, Inc.
346 Rheem Blvd., Suite 205A
Moraga CA 94556
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com">http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com</a> for simulation-ready weather data
(o) (925)388-0265
(c) (510)928-2683
"building energy simulations at your fingertips"
</pre>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 1/8/2018 12:15 PM, 'Jones,
      Christopher' <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:christopher.r.jones@wsp.com">christopher.r.jones@wsp.com</a> [EnergyPlus_Support]
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
      cite="mid:dc704e199d3640dd936307061d90bf3c@wsp.com"> <span
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              <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;">I have a
                  question – what happened to the rain and snow flags
                  that were in the old CWEC file but are missing in the
                  latest versions. Many snow melting systems have a
                  snow/rain sensor in the slab used to trigger the
                  system on. <o></o></span></p>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;"><o> </o></span></p>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                      style="font-size:6.0pt;color:#1F497D;"><o> </o></span></b></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"
                      lang="EN-GB">Christopher R. Jones</span></b><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"
                    lang="EN-GB">, P.Eng.<o></o></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"
                    lang="EN-GB">Technical Specialist<o></o></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"
                    lang="EN-GB">Sustainability & Energy<o></o></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"><o> </o></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;"><img
                      id="Picture_x0020_15"
                      src="cid:part1.25ADB828.C81D6AA0@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                      class="" height="37" width="78"></span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"><o></o></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">T
                    +1 416-644-0252<o></o></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"><o> </o></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">2300
                    Yonge Street, Suite 2300<o></o></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">Toronto,
                    ON M4P 1E4 Canada</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"
                    lang="EN-GB"><br>
                    <br>
                  </span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"><o></o></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"><a
                      href="wsp.com" moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                        style="color:#0563C1;">wsp.com</span></a><o></o></span></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="color:blue;"
                      lang="EN-CA"><o><span
                          style="text-decoration:none;"> </span></o></span></u></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#7F7F7F;"><o> </o></span></b></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#6EA900;">Please
                      consider the environment before printing...<o></o></span></i></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;"
                    lang="EN-CA"><o> </o></span></p>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D;"><o> </o></span></p>
              <div>
                <div style="border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt
                  0in 0in 0in;">
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                        style="color:windowtext;">From:</span></b><span
                      style="color:windowtext;"> Equest-users
                      [<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org">mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
                      <b>On Behalf Of </b>Joe Huang via Equest-users<br>
                      <b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 02, 2018 10:15 PM<br>
                      <b>To:</b> Nicholas Caton
                      <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:Nicholas.Caton@schneider-electric.com"><Nicholas.Caton@schneider-electric.com></a>;
                      BLDG-SIM <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org"><bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org></a>;
                      EnergyPlus_Support
                      <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:EnergyPlus_Support@yahoogroups.com"><EnergyPlus_Support@yahoogroups.com></a>;
                      <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:equest-users@onebuilding.org">equest-users@onebuilding.org</a><br>
                      <b>Cc:</b> Jim Dirkes
                      <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:jim@buildingperformanceteam.com"><jim@buildingperformanceteam.com></a><br>
                      <b>Subject:</b> Re: [Equest-users] White Box
                      Technologies brings simulation weather data to the
                      satellite age<o></o></span></p>
                </div>
              </div>
              <p class="MsoNormal"><o> </o></p>
              <p>Nick,<o></o></p>
              <p>This is an interesting topic that has evolved in an
                unexpected way.  Now that NREL has mastered the
                technology of satellite-derived solar radiation, they
                have regarded weather station data as an impediment,
                since there's no way to get such measured data to match
                the 5-kilometer grid of the satellite-derived solar. 
                Therefore, they have abandoned the weather station data
                (which was was used in all the TMYs to date) and gone
                instead to Reanalysis Data from NOAA's MERRA, which is
                running a climate forecasting model in retrospective
                mode. I don't have time now to discuss reanalysis,
                except to say that from what I've seen the results are
                decidedly "iffy".  Almost two years ago, I managed to
                get a Work Statement through ASHRAE  for someone to take
                a good look at reanalysis data.<o></o></p>
              <p>So, what does this mean for your question?   NREL's
                National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) can now get
                you the hourly time series or a TMY for more than a
                million grid points over the US, all with
                satellite-derived solar radiation but  MERRA results for
                the other climate parameters.  I've told NREL several
                years ago that for the building simulation industry it
                would be much better to merge the  satellite-derived
                solar with actual station data that give good accurate
                coverage of urban areas where buildings are located.
                NREL's response was that they'd be happy to do this, but
                someone has to pay them for the work.
                <o></o></p>
              <p>In response to your hypothesis below, I think you're
                being too disparaging of the previous modeling efforts
                while raising too high your expectations of satellite
                solar.  It's not that the previous models failed to
                account for local climate conditions, but that they
                lacked good data to drive them.  For example, all models
                included terms for cloud cover and clearness, or for the
                more detailed physical models arcane parameters like
                aerosol optical depth, preciptable moisture, etc.,  but
                how available are the input data and how reliable are
                they?  The advantages of satellite-derived solar are
                that they provide a comprehensive and objective view of
                the cloud conditions, which combined with satellite
                measurements of the atmospheric conditions and  improved
                modeling, results in  accuracies that previous modeling
                efforts can not attain.  As far as discerning localized
                effects of smog and dust in urban areas, that would
                still depend on whether there's sufficient monitoring at
                that spatial and time scale to detect the differences.  
                What I mean is that it's one thing to observe that in
                general urban locations have more smog and particulates
                than rural locations, but it's something else to
                quantify the resultant differences in solar radiation
                over time and distance.<o></o></p>
              <p>I'd like to take the opportunity here to step back and
                comment on the status of weather data for the building
                energy community, My interactions with NREL has brought
                the realization that we have been piggy-backing on the
                efforts of others outside our community for our weather
                data.  I don't intend to pick on the NREL Solar Program,
                several of whom I consider friends and colleagues, but
                their target client is the solar power industry.  Since
                solar power arrays can be installed anywhere, preferably
                in rural uninhabited locations, it makes sense to go to
                satellite-derived solar.  It's also clear that to serve
                that industry, NREL would focus its efforts on getting
                the best solar values, while all the other climatic
                parameters, like temperature, humidity, wind speed,
                etc., are secondary, which may be why getting them from
                MERRA is a satisfactory choice.  The focus on solar is
                also evident in the weighting used by NREL to develop
                the TMYs, with 50% weight placed on the 2 solar and 50%
                on the remaining 8 non-solar parameters.
                <o></o></p>
              <p>For the building energy community, or priorities are
                somewhat different. Since 99% of buildings are located
                in urban locations, we should focus much more on climate
                in urban areas.  Luckily, that's also where the great
                majority of existing weather are located, which is why
                I'm resistant to throwing out measured weather data and
                replacing them with synthetic data, no matter how much
                they've been "seeded" with real data. As for the
                weighting of climate parameters in selecting the typical
                months,  why not use building energy simulations and
                weight them by the distribution of heating and cooling
                loads?
                <o></o></p>
              <p>Joe<o></o></p>
              <pre>Joe Huang<o></o></pre>
              <pre>White Box Technologies, Inc.<o></o></pre>
              <pre>346 Rheem Blvd., Suite 205A<o></o></pre>
              <pre>Moraga CA 94556<o></o></pre>
              <pre><a href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com" moz-do-not-send="true">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com</a><o></o></pre>
              <pre><a href="http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com" moz-do-not-send="true">http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com</a> for simulation-ready weather data<o></o></pre>
              <pre>(o) (925)388-0265<o></o></pre>
              <pre>(c) (510)928-2683<o></o></pre>
              <pre>"building energy simulations at your fingertips"<o></o></pre>
              <div>
                <p class="MsoNormal">On 1/2/2018 9:30 AM, Nicholas Caton
                  wrote:<o></o></p>
              </div>
              <blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt;">
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;">Hi
                    Joe,</span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;"> </span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;">From
                    your perspective, are NREL or any other
                    government/professional bodies making
                    moves/indications to update/refresh the current TMY3
                    sets to utilize satellite-derived solar radiation? 
                    Seems like a no-brainer for our industry, but is
                    there a counter-argument?  It seems likely, but has
                    there been rigorous comparisons of satellite-derived
                    solar radiation against measured values and/or our
                    “present-day” solar models used to derive solar
                    radiation information for building energy
                    simulation?</span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;"> </span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;">Also,
                    I’m trying to understand and correctly characterize
                    the impact of this development in simple terms my
                    brain can follow.  Is it fair to say:
                  </span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;"> </span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;">The
                    solar models used in developing weather files for
                    building energy simulations to-date in our industry
                    (including all/most industry-standard TMY weather
                    sets), because they have been using solar radiation
                    derived from (evolving) solar models, have <u>not</u>
                    accounted for the likes of local climate cloud cover
                    / smog / dust?  Seattle (~47°N) has perhaps been
                    seeing as much sunlight through the winter as Paris
                    (~48°N)?</span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;"> </span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;">Does
                    satellite-derived solar radiation address some or
                    all of these local climate issues (cloud cover,
                    smog, dust) affecting direct/indirect solar
                    radiation?
                  </span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;"> </span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;">Thanks
                    sincerely for all your teaching Joe,</span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;"> </span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;">~Nick</span><o></o></p>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;"> </span><o></o></p>
                <div>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                      style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#3A7A46;"><img
                        id="Picture_x0020_1"
                        src="cid:part5.2A56FFFF.357989B3@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                        class="" height="9" width="726" border="0"></span><o></o></p>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                        style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#3A7A46;">Nick
                        Caton, P.E., BEMP</span></b><o></o></p>
                  <table class="MsoNormalTable"
                    style="width:543.0pt;border-collapse:collapse;"
                    cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="0" border="0">
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                        <td style="width:172.3pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
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                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#626469;"> 
                              Senior Energy Engineer</span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"><br>
                            </span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#626469;"> 
                              Regional Energy Engineering Manager</span><o></o></p>
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#626469;"> 
                              Energy and Sustainability Services</span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"><br>
                            </span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#626469;"> 
                              Schneider Electric</span><o></o></p>
                        </td>
                        <td style="width:218.3pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
                          0in;" valign="top" width="291">
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#57B069;">D  </span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#626469;">913.564.6361
                            </span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"><br>
                            </span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#57B069;">M  </span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#626469;">785.410.3317
                            </span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"><br>
                            </span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#57B069;">F  </span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#626469;">913.564.6380</span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"><br>
                            </span><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#57B069;">E  </span><span
                              style="color:#1F497D;"><a
                                href="mailto:nicholas.caton@schneider-electric.com"
                                moz-do-not-send="true"><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#626469;">nicholas.caton@schneider-electric.com</span></a></span><o></o></p>
                        </td>
                        <td style="width:152.4pt;padding:0in 0in 0in
                          0in;" valign="top" width="203">
                          <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:right;"
                            align="right"><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#626469;">15200
                              Santa Fe Trail Drive<br>
                              Suite 204<br>
                              Lenexa, KS 66219<br>
                              United States</span><o></o></p>
                        </td>
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                          0in 0in 0in;height:4.0pt;" valign="top"
                          width="724">
                          <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                              style="color:#3A7A46;"><img
                                id="_x0000_i1026"
                                src="cid:part7.01586882.495E5C58@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                                class="" height="49" width="722"
                                border="0"></span><o></o></p>
                        </td>
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                    </tbody>
                  </table>
                  <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;"> </span><o></o></p>
                </div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:windowtext;"> </span><o></o></p>
                <div>
                  <div style="border-top:solid #E1E1E1
                    1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in;">
                    <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
                          style="color:windowtext;">From:</span></b><span
                        style="color:windowtext;"> Equest-users [<a
                          href="mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org"
                          moz-do-not-send="true">mailto:equest-users-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
                        <b>On Behalf Of </b>Joe Huang via Equest-users<br>
                        <b>Sent:</b> Thursday, December 14, 2017 8:13 PM<br>
                        <b>To:</b> BLDG-SIM <a
                          href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org"
                          moz-do-not-send="true"><bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org></a>;
                        EnergyPlus_Support
                        <a
                          href="mailto:EnergyPlus_Support@yahoogroups.com"
                          moz-do-not-send="true"><EnergyPlus_Support@yahoogroups.com></a>;
                        <a
                          href="mailto:equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org"
                          moz-do-not-send="true">equest-users@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br>
                        <b>Subject:</b> [Equest-users] White Box
                        Technologies brings simulation weather data to
                        the satellite age</span><o></o></p>
                  </div>
                </div>
                <p class="MsoNormal"> <o></o></p>
                <p>It is with joy and some trepidation to report that
                  White Box Technologies (WBT) is updating all its
                  historical weather files with satellite-derived solar
                  radiation. Joy because this overcomes what has been
                  the most significant question mark with weather files;
                  trepidation because of the amount of work needed to
                  carry out and maintain this effort. To show that this
                  is more than marketing hype, I need to give a rather
                  long explanation about this development.<br>
                  <br>
                  The bane of weather data over the past three decades
                  has been the solar radiation (global horizontal and
                  direct normal) which are not measured parameters, but
                  derived using various solar and sky models. All the
                  familiar "typical year" sets, i.e., TMY, WYEC, IWEC,
                  etc., let alone the historical weather files, have
                  modeled solar radiation. Although a lot of<br>
                  work has gone into such models (see M. Iqbal,"An
                  Introduction to Solar Radiation", Academic Press,
                  1983), there remain an almost intractible problem of
                  the lack of good measured solar to tune any of these
                  models. For example, in the ASHRAE IWEC2 weather
                  files, my team was able to find one or two years'
                  measured data for less than 50 locations,<br>
                  from which were derived 28 sets of regression
                  coefficients then used for all 3,012 IWEC2 locations.<br>
                  <br>
                  For the past decade and a half, researchers around the
                  world have been working to derive solar radiation from
                  weather satellite imagery, driven largely by the needs
                  of the solar power industry for the siting of solar
                  power plants and getting "bankable" solar estimates
                  for their arrays. Our little building energy
                  simulation sector can of course benefit by hanging on
                  the coattails of the solar power industry, but the
                  downside has been to be totally priced out, since the
                  commercial cost for one year's solar data for one
                  location (grid cell) typically runs around $1,000.<br>
                  <br>
                  A welcome development over the last five years is that
                  various government offices or affiliated consortia are
                  now beginning to also providing access to
                  satellite-derived solar radiation at minimal or more
                  acceptable costs under various conditions. Over the
                  past three years, WBT has obtained access to such data
                  and permission for its use in WBT weather files.<br>
                  WBT is now either replacing the solar radiation on its
                  historical weather files, or using satellite-derived
                  radiation to develop custom solar coefficients for
                  each location to extend the satellite-derived solar to
                  time periods outside the available time window. With
                  the exception of polar locations above or below 60/66
                  degrees, island nations in the Pacific and Indian
                  Ocean, and a few unfortunate "blind spots", the entire
                  land mass is being covered with at least 10 years up
                  to 18 years of hourly solar records.<br>
                  <br>
                  Starting in 2018, WBT historical weather files in the
                  following areas will all have satellite-derived solar
                  radiation for the following time periods: Europe,
                  Africa, South America east of 66 West, i.e., Brazil
                  and Uruguay (2004 to date), Australia (1999 to date),
                  and East Asia (2007 to date, access pending). WBT
                  historical weather files in the following areas will
                  have satellite-derived solar radiation for the
                  indicated time periods - North America and
                  Central/South American down to 20 South (1998-2015),
                  South Asia (2000-2014), with modeled solar radiation
                  from 2016 on that has been individually tuned to the
                  past satellite-derived solar.<br>
                  <br>
                  Another benefit to the satellite-derived solar is to
                  increases the number of available weather stations,
                  which in many places has been limited by the lack of
                  cloud cover data needed to model the solar radiation. 
                  For reasons that are not immediately identifiable,
                  several English-speaking Commonwealth countries has
                  seen a marked drop in the number of available stations
                  due to the decreases in the reporting of cloud cover
                  (see plot, ZAF = South Africa). For example, the
                  number of stations in the UK has dropped by almost
                  2/3s between 2001 and 2017 (174 to 64), but with
                  satellite-derived solar, it will go back up to over
                  180, while in Australia and South Africa the
                  comparable numbers are from 175 to well over 500, and
                  from 37 to over 100, respectively.<br>
                  <img id="_x0000_i1027"
                    src="cid:part12.B3AAFFDF.63D174A9@whiteboxtechnologies.com"
                    class="" height="337" width="625" border="0"><br>
                  If interested, customers who have purchased a
                  historical weather files from WBT over the past five
                  years can get an updated weather file at no cost.
                  Lastly, although it will take at least a month to
                  update all 10,000 2017 files, it's very quick to do
                  for any specific location or even 50 or so locations.
                  Therefore, if you have an urgent request please e-mail
                  me and I will put that at the beginning of the queue
                  for that day.<o></o></p>
                <pre>-- <o></o></pre>
                <pre>Joe Huang<o></o></pre>
                <pre>White Box Technologies, Inc.<o></o></pre>
                <pre>346 Rheem Blvd., Suite 205A<o></o></pre>
                <pre>Moraga CA 94556<o></o></pre>
                <pre><a href="mailto:yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com" moz-do-not-send="true">yjhuang@whiteboxtechnologies.com</a><o></o></pre>
                <pre><a href="http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com" moz-do-not-send="true">http://weather.whiteboxtechnologies.com</a> for simulation-ready weather data<o></o></pre>
                <pre>(o) (925)388-0265<o></o></pre>
                <pre>(c) (510)928-2683<o></o></pre>
                <pre>"building energy simulations at your fingertips"<o></o></pre>
              </blockquote>
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