<div dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">All,</span><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">I would agree with all of the factors mentioned that absolutely can result in deviations between actual and modeled building performance. I would also echo the sentiment that following modeling rules shouldn't necessarily preclude us from attempting to better predict actual building performance through the LEED process. Applying careful attention to important details and a healthy dose of experience (bringing together real life building performance knowledge as it relates to the grey areas - namely schedules, equipment controls, occupant behavior, etc) can truly help close the gap. At the end of the day, a rating system should be attempting to reward buildings that actually perform well, not theoretically perform well (and as modeler's we should take a leading role in making <u>good</u> (i.e. fair) assumptions).</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">My colleague (Janine Vanry) has recently completed research (to be published soon) for her masters thesis at the University of Waterloo (Ontario, Canada) which studied how LEED certified academic buildings in southwestern Ontario performed in comparison to government energy intensity benchmarks, campus-wide energy intensities, and in general how LEED (modeled) results compare to actual building performance (as measured through M&V). </span><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">Consistent with Dr </span><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">Samuelson's (et al.) research findings, t</span><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">he discrepancies between the modeled results and the actual energy intensities showed that there was an under-prediction anywhere from 2% to 44%. </span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">While energy modeling professionals understand (as is evident by this thread) that there will be differences between the documented EAc1 energy savings and actual building energy usage, this isn't always communicated and understood by the building owners and the professionals we work with.</span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px"><br></span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8000001907349px">Chris</span></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, May 21, 2015 at 10:56 AM, Christoph Reinhart <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:tito_@mit.edu" target="_blank">tito_@mit.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple">
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear Jacob,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">This is an eternal debate and there are many reasons for moving away from the use of 90.1 Appendix G to evaluate the performance of a building designs. To answer your question directly, we worked a few years
ago with Enermodal in Canada on a comparison between design phase building energy models (BEM) prepared for LEED Canada certification (slightly different to Appendix G) to calibrated BEM and measured energy use for 18 buildings. The main findings are quoted
below:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Analysis of a Simplified Calibration Procedure for 18 Design-Phase Building Energy Models<u></u><u></u></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">H W Samuelson, A Ghorayshi and C F Reinhart<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Journal of Building Performance Simulation, DOI:
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2014.988752" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2014.988752</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">This paper evaluates the accuracy of 18 design-phase building energy models, built according to LEED Canada protocol, and investigates the effectiveness of model calibration steps to improve simulation predictions
with respect to measured energy data. These calibration steps, applied in professional practice, included inputting actual weather data, adding unregulated loads, revising plug loads (often with submetered data), and other simple updates. In sum, the design-phase
energy models underpredicted the total measured energy consumption by 36%. Following the calibration steps, this error was reduced to a net 7% underprediction. For the monthly energy use intensity (EUI), the coefficient of variation of the root mean square
error improved from 45% to 24%. Revising plug loads made the largest impact in these cases. This step increased the EUI by 15% median (32% mean) in the models. This impact far exceeded that of calibrating the weather data, even in a sensitivity test using
extreme weather years.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Best,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Christoph<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Christoph Reinhart <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Associate Professor <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Department of Architecture<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Massachusetts Institute of Technology<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">77 Massachusetts Ave, Rm 5-418, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">t: <a href="tel:617%20253%207714" value="+16172537714" target="_blank">617 253 7714</a>, f: <a href="tel:617%20253%206152" value="+16172536152" target="_blank">617 253 6152</a>,
<a href="mailto:creinhart@mit.edu" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">creinhart@mit.edu</span></a>
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#ed7d31"><a href="http://mit.edu/SustainableDesignLab/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#ed7d31;text-decoration:none">Sustainable Design Lab</span></a>
</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt">|<span style="color:#ed7d31"> <a href="http://www.diva4rhino.com/" target="_blank">
<span style="color:#ed7d31;text-decoration:none">DIVA</span></a> </span>|<span style="color:#ed7d31">
<a href="http://daysim.ning.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#ed7d31;text-decoration:none">Daysim</span></a>
</span>|<span style="color:#ed7d31"> <a href="http://www.mapdwell.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#ed7d31;text-decoration:none">mapdwell</span></a>
</span>|<span style="color:#ed7d31"> <a href="http://www.urbanmodeling.net/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#ed7d31;text-decoration:none">umi</span></a><u></u><u></u></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">-------------------------------------------------------------------------<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Events <span style="color:#ed7d31">
</span><span style="color:#ed7d31"><a href="http://architecture.mit.edu/event/modeling-urban-sustainability-energy-daylight-and-walkability" target="_blank"><span style="color:#ed7d31;text-decoration:none">Modeling Urban Sustainability</span></a>
</span>|<span style="color:#ed7d31"> <a href="http://diva4rhino.com/diva-day-2015" target="_blank">
<span style="color:#ed7d31;text-decoration:none">DIVA Day 2015 </span></a><u></u><u></u></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #e1e1e1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Bldg-sim [mailto:<a href="mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Brooks, Alamelu<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 21, 2015 10:43 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Jim Dirkes; Nathan Kegel<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Comparing ASHRAE 90.1 App G Models to Real Buildings<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">I believe Appendix G is not meant to measure the performance of the existing building. ASHRAE 90.1 Appendix G Technical Committee is the right source to answer
this question. They can clarify the intention of the APP G modeling methodology.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Best,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Alamelu<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">Alamelu Brooks LEED AP (BD+C), HBDP, BEAP, EIT| Senior Associate | <a href="tel:%2B1.443.718.4881" value="+14437184881" target="_blank">+1.443.718.4881</a> direct |
<a href="mailto:Alamelu.Brooks@icfi.com" target="_blank">Alamelu.Brooks@icfi.com</a> | <a href="http://icfi.com" target="_blank">icfi.com</a> <u></u>
<u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1f497d">ICF INTERNATIONAL | 7125 Thomas Edison Drive, Suite 100, Columbia, MD 21046 USA
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif;color:black">Connect with us on
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"> Bldg-sim [<a href="mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Jim Dirkes<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 21, 2015 10:36 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nathan Kegel<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Comparing ASHRAE 90.1 App G Models to Real Buildings<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;color:#b45f06">I agree fully with all of the above comments and would like to add these:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:#b45f06">Even buildings that are commissioned properly will see their performance erode over time. There are hundreds of reason for this, ranging from poor maintenance to well-intentioned maintenance people not having time
to monitor operations well. There is NO BUILDING that operates well for long.</span><u></u><u></u></li><li class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:#b45f06">Buildings often see changes in operation, occupancy and schedule. These are oftimes gradual changes over a period of years, but can be substantial</span><u></u><u></u></li></ul>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On Thu, May 21, 2015 at 10:22 AM, Nathan Kegel <<a href="mailto:nathan.kegel@iesve.com" target="_blank">nathan.kegel@iesve.com</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="14d76fa340725838_14d76db336d12194__MailEndCompose"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Climate files used in the simulations versus
the actual weather.</span></a><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">I’m in the midst of a project that shows a variance in EUI of up to 200% just by changing
the climate file for the DOE primary school. Full results to be presented in September.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Add in all the other factors already mentioned, and if your 90.1 model comes anywhere
close the real buildings’ it’s far more likely that the 90.1 model was extremely “lucky” than it is that the model used accurate assumptions.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Regards,</span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d">Nathan</span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#305c67">Nathan Kegel</span></b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#305c67"><br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1f497d"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Bldg-sim [mailto:<a href="mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Maria-Lida Kou<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 21, 2015 9:17 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Jacob Dunn<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Comparing ASHRAE 90.1 App G Models to Real Buildings</span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Jacob,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Happy to hear that other people are thinking the same. <u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">I was into this subject on my own thoughts recently.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">I would like to add in your list: Occupants' behavior actually which is not in the stage to be included into the prediction.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">I would add commissioning as well along with controls simulation and controls operation.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Apologies because I haven't worked with LEED projects but I think the above applied in general to "the performance gap".<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Really looking forward to hearing more about this subject as I am not that experienced engineer yet, but really interested in "the performance" side of buildings.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Best,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Maria-Lida Kounadi<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">2015-05-21 15:04 GMT+01:00 Jacob Dunn <<a href="mailto:jdunn@eskewdumezripple.com" target="_blank">jdunn@eskewdumezripple.com</a>>:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #cccccc 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal">Bldg-Sim Community –
<span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’m trying to compile a list of why it might be inappropriate to compare Appendix G models to actual consumption data. This comes about because I recently got into a debate with
one of my co-workers when looking at the infamous NBI chart/study that shows little correlation to predicted and actual energy values of LEED buildings. I was trying to explain that the Appendix G model’s intent is NOT to be compared to actual consumption,
as it is a modeling protocol aimed at creating consistent relative comparisons for LEED points.
<span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Here are the reasons thus far that support this notion (that App G models shouldn’t be compared to actual data). Does anyone know of any resources out there that expand upon this?
Or can you think other reasons?<span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p>-<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> </span>Appendix G does not take into account external shading, which can be critical in urban environments for accurate energy predictions<span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p>-<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> </span>Schedules are typically not created with the intent of being predictive. Overall building hours are adhered to, but detailed schedule creation is not usually in the scope of a LEED model (or is it, in your
experience?). For instance, typical plug load base values during unoccupied times are .3, this is a pretty big assumption.<span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p>-<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> </span>The App G model uses a TMY weather file, which can vary from the current weather year (I wonder on average by how much?)<span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p>-<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> </span>Infiltration values are assumed, unless blower door testing has been done (which is rare for commercial buildings).<span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p>-<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> </span>Thermostat values are modeled as consistent across the building, which is rarely the case in an actual operating building<span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Any additional insight is much appreciated!<span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7d7773;letter-spacing:.3pt">Jacob Dunn LEED AP BD+C</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#a9aa23;letter-spacing:.3pt">ESKEW+DUMEZ+RIPPLE, APC</span></b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;letter-spacing:.3pt">
</span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:110%">
<span style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7d7773;letter-spacing:.3pt">2014 AIA National Architecture Firm Award</span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7d7773;letter-spacing:.3pt"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7d7773;letter-spacing:.3pt">New Orleans LA 70130</span><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7d7773;letter-spacing:.3pt"><a href="http://www.eskewdumezripple.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#7d7773">eskewdumezripple.com</span></a></span></u><span lang="EN-GB"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">-- <u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">James V Dirkes II, PE, BEMP, LEED AP<br>
CEO/President<br>
The Building Performance Team Inc.<br>
1631 Acacia Dr, GR, Mi 49504<br>
<br>
Direct: <a href="tel:616.450.8653" value="+16164508653" target="_blank">616.450.8653</a><br>
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<a href="http://buildingperformanceteamcom" target="_blank">Website </a>l <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pub/jim-dirkes/7/444/413" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a><u></u><u></u></p>
<p style="margin-top:6.0pt"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:blue;background:white">The truth is still the truth, even if nobody believes it. A lie is still a lie, even if
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