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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Thank you all for your thoughtful insight on this matter! It’s an important debate – both in understanding the capabilities/limitations of our craft as energy
modelers, but also to communicate our value to the community at large. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">To clarify slightly, my question revolved around how the specific modeling protocol of Appendix G could account for the “performance” gap between modeled and
actual use. Thus, the fact that buildings aren’t operated as the energy model specified and the lack of building commissioning, while true and important, are not inherent to the intent of Appendix G modeling. The most interesting question is, “If you model
a LEED App G model perfectly according to protocol, AND the building was operated according to the modeled schedules, will it predict the right number?” Lots of your responses lent insight into this question, thanks again! <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">I’ve revised my list below based on your responses:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Added:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">- Plug load values are assumed, which can have a huge impact on overall energy (Thanks Christoph and Chris Hadlock for the insight)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">- Insulation values are largely specified without thought to thermal bridging<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">- HVAC controls simulation is often simplified<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">- Performance curves are often not simulated due to increased effort and unavailability of performance data from manufacturers<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Original:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">-</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Appendix G does not take into account external shading, which can be critical in urban environments for accurate energy predictions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">-</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Schedules are typically not created with the intent of being predictive. Overall building hours are adhered to, but detailed schedule creation is not usually in the scope of a LEED model (or
is it, in your experience?). For instance, typical plug load base values during unoccupied times are .3, this is a pretty big assumption.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">-</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">The App G model uses a TMY weather file, which can vary from the current weather year (I wonder on average by how much?)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">-</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Infiltration values are assumed, unless blower door testing has been done (which is rare for commercial buildings).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">-</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">
</span><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:black">Thermostat values are modeled as consistent across the building, which is rarely the case in an actual operating building<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7D7773;letter-spacing:.3pt">Jacob Dunn LEED AP BD+C</span></b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7D7773;letter-spacing:.3pt"><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#A9AA23;letter-spacing:.3pt">ESKEW+DUMEZ+RIPPLE, APC</span></b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;letter-spacing:.3pt">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:110%"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7D7773;letter-spacing:.3pt">2014 AIA National Architecture Firm Award<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7D7773;letter-spacing:.3pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7D7773;letter-spacing:.3pt">365 Canal Street Suite 3150
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7D7773;letter-spacing:.3pt">New Orleans LA 70130<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7D7773;letter-spacing:.3pt">504.561.8686<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7D7773;letter-spacing:.3pt"><a href="http://www.eskewdumezripple.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#7D7773">eskewdumezripple.com</span></a></span></u><u><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#7D7773"><o:p></o:p></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Bldg-sim [mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Chris Hadlock<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, May 22, 2015 1:08 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Christoph Reinhart<br>
<b>Cc:</b> bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Comparing ASHRAE 90.1 App G Models to Real Buildings<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">All,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">I would agree with all of the factors mentioned that absolutely can result in deviations between actual and modeled building performance. I would also echo the sentiment that following modeling rules shouldn't
necessarily preclude us from attempting to better predict actual building performance through the LEED process. Applying careful attention to important details and a healthy dose of experience (bringing together real life building performance knowledge as
it relates to the grey areas - namely schedules, equipment controls, occupant behavior, etc) can truly help close the gap. At the end of the day, a rating system should be attempting to reward buildings that actually perform well, not theoretically perform
well (and as modeler's we should take a leading role in making <u>good</u> (i.e. fair) assumptions).</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">My colleague (Janine Vanry) has recently completed research (to be published soon) for her masters thesis at the University of Waterloo (Ontario, Canada) which studied how LEED certified academic buildings
in southwestern Ontario performed in comparison to government energy intensity benchmarks, campus-wide energy intensities, and in general how LEED (modeled) results compare to actual building performance (as measured through M&V). Consistent with Dr Samuelson's
(et al.) research findings, the discrepancies between the modeled results and the actual energy intensities showed that there was an under-prediction anywhere from 2% to 44%. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">While energy modeling professionals understand (as is evident by this thread) that there will be differences between the documented EAc1 energy savings and actual building energy usage, this isn't always communicated
and understood by the building owners and the professionals we work with.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">Chris</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal">On Thu, May 21, 2015 at 10:56 AM, Christoph Reinhart <<a href="mailto:tito_@mit.edu" target="_blank">tito_@mit.edu</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0in">
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Dear Jacob,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">This is an eternal debate and there are many reasons for moving away from the use of 90.1 Appendix G to evaluate the performance of a building designs.
To answer your question directly, we worked a few years ago with Enermodal in Canada on a comparison between design phase building energy models (BEM) prepared for LEED Canada certification (slightly different to Appendix G) to calibrated BEM and measured
energy use for 18 buildings. The main findings are quoted below:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Analysis of a Simplified Calibration Procedure for 18 Design-Phase Building Energy Models</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">H W Samuelson, A Ghorayshi and C F Reinhart</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:9.0pt">Journal of Building Performance Simulation, DOI:
<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2014.988752" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19401493.2014.988752</span></a></span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">This paper evaluates the accuracy of 18 design-phase building energy models, built according to LEED Canada protocol, and investigates the effectiveness
of model calibration steps to improve simulation predictions with respect to measured energy data. These calibration steps, applied in professional practice, included inputting actual weather data, adding unregulated loads, revising plug loads (often with
submetered data), and other simple updates. In sum, the design-phase energy models underpredicted the total measured energy consumption by 36%. Following the calibration steps, this error was reduced to a net 7% underprediction. For the monthly energy use
intensity (EUI), the coefficient of variation of the root mean square error improved from 45% to 24%. Revising plug loads made the largest impact in these cases. This step increased the EUI by 15% median (32% mean) in the models. This impact far exceeded that
of calibrating the weather data, even in a sensitivity test using extreme weather years.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Best,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">Christoph</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Christoph Reinhart
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Associate Professor
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Department of Architecture</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">77 Massachusetts Ave, Rm 5-418, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">t:
<a href="tel:617%20253%207714" target="_blank">617 253 7714</a>, f: <a href="tel:617%20253%206152" target="_blank">
617 253 6152</a>, <a href="mailto:creinhart@mit.edu" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">creinhart@mit.edu</span></a>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#ED7D31"><a href="http://mit.edu/SustainableDesignLab/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#ED7D31;text-decoration:none">Sustainable Design Lab</span></a>
</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt">|<span style="color:#ED7D31"> <a href="http://www.diva4rhino.com/" target="_blank">
<span style="color:#ED7D31;text-decoration:none">DIVA</span></a> </span>|<span style="color:#ED7D31">
<a href="http://daysim.ning.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#ED7D31;text-decoration:none">Daysim</span></a>
</span>|<span style="color:#ED7D31"> <a href="http://www.mapdwell.com/" target="_blank">
<span style="color:#ED7D31;text-decoration:none">mapdwell</span></a> </span>|<span style="color:#ED7D31">
<a href="http://www.urbanmodeling.net/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#ED7D31;text-decoration:none">umi</span></a></span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">-------------------------------------------------------------------------</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt">Events
<span style="color:#ED7D31"> <a href="http://architecture.mit.edu/event/modeling-urban-sustainability-energy-daylight-and-walkability" target="_blank"><span style="color:#ED7D31;text-decoration:none">Modeling Urban Sustainability</span></a>
</span>|<span style="color:#ED7D31"> <a href="http://diva4rhino.com/diva-day-2015" target="_blank">
<span style="color:#ED7D31;text-decoration:none">DIVA Day 2015 </span></a></span></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Bldg-sim [mailto:<a href="mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Brooks, Alamelu<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 21, 2015 10:43 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Jim Dirkes; Nathan Kegel<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Comparing ASHRAE 90.1 App G Models to Real Buildings</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">I believe Appendix G is not meant to measure the performance of the existing building. ASHRAE 90.1
Appendix G Technical Committee is the right source to answer this question. They can clarify the intention of the APP G modeling methodology.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Best,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Alamelu</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:#1F497D">Alamelu Brooks LEED AP (BD+C), HBDP, BEAP, EIT| Senior Associate |
<a href="tel:%2B1.443.718.4881" target="_blank">+1.443.718.4881</a> direct | <a href="mailto:Alamelu.Brooks@icfi.com" target="_blank">
Alamelu.Brooks@icfi.com</a> | <a href="http://icfi.com" target="_blank">icfi.com</a>
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="color:#1F497D">ICF INTERNATIONAL | 7125 Thomas Edison Drive, Suite 100, Columbia, MD 21046 USA
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<a href="http://www.icfi.com/social" target="_blank">social media</a>.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif"> Bldg-sim [<a href="mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Jim Dirkes<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 21, 2015 10:36 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nathan Kegel<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Comparing ASHRAE 90.1 App G Models to Real Buildings</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;color:#B45F06">I agree fully with all of the above comments and would like to add these:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:#B45F06">Even buildings that are commissioned properly will see their performance erode over time. There are hundreds of reason for this, ranging from poor maintenance to well-intentioned maintenance people not having time
to monitor operations well. There is NO BUILDING that operates well for long.</span><o:p></o:p></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:#B45F06">Buildings often see changes in operation, occupancy and schedule. These are oftimes gradual changes over a period of years, but can be substantial</span><o:p></o:p></li></ul>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">On Thu, May 21, 2015 at 10:22 AM, Nathan Kegel <<a href="mailto:nathan.kegel@iesve.com" target="_blank">nathan.kegel@iesve.com</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a name="14d76fa340725838_14d76db336d12194__MailE"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Climate files used in the simulations
versus the actual weather.</span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">I’m in the midst of a project that shows a variance in EUI of up to 200% just by changing
the climate file for the DOE primary school. Full results to be presented in September.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Add in all the other factors already mentioned, and if your 90.1 model comes anywhere
close the real buildings’ it’s far more likely that the 90.1 model was extremely “lucky” than it is that the model used accurate assumptions.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Nathan</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="http://www.iesve.com/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#305C67;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="61" height="61" id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image001.png@01D0949B.23F40220"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<td valign="top" style="padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#305C67">Nathan Kegel</span></b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#305C67"><br>
</span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#305C67">Business Development Manager</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#305C67">O:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<a href="tel:763.276.9981" target="_blank">763.276.9981</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#305C67">M:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<a href="tel:415.420.9314" target="_blank">415.420.9314</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
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</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#305C67">Integrated Environmental Solutions Limited. Registered in Scotland No. SC151456<br>
Registered Office - Helix Building, West Of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow G20 0SP</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="http://www.iesve.com/disclaimer.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#305C67">Email Disclaimer</span></a><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#305C67">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Bldg-sim [mailto:<a href="mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Maria-Lida Kou<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, May 21, 2015 9:17 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Jacob Dunn<br>
<b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org" target="_blank">bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Comparing ASHRAE 90.1 App G Models to Real Buildings</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB">Jacob,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB">Happy to hear that other people are thinking the same. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB">I was into this subject on my own thoughts recently.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB">I would like to add in your list: Occupants' behavior actually which is not in the stage to be included into the prediction.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB">I would add commissioning as well along with controls simulation and controls operation.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB">Apologies because I haven't worked with LEED projects but I think the above applied in general to "the performance gap".</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB">Really looking forward to hearing more about this subject as I am not that experienced engineer yet, but really interested in "the performance" side of buildings.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB">Best,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB">Maria-Lida Kounadi</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span lang="EN-GB">2015-05-21 15:04 GMT+01:00 Jacob Dunn <<a href="mailto:jdunn@eskewdumezripple.com" target="_blank">jdunn@eskewdumezripple.com</a>>:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Bldg-Sim Community –
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">I’m trying to compile a list of why it might be inappropriate to compare Appendix G models to actual consumption data. This comes about because I recently got into a debate with
one of my co-workers when looking at the infamous NBI chart/study that shows little correlation to predicted and actual energy values of LEED buildings. I was trying to explain that the Appendix G model’s intent is NOT to be compared to actual consumption,
as it is a modeling protocol aimed at creating consistent relative comparisons for LEED points.
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Here are the reasons thus far that support this notion (that App G models shouldn’t be compared to actual data). Does anyone know of any resources out there that expand upon this?
Or can you think other reasons?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p>-<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> </span>Appendix G does not take into account external shading, which can be critical in urban environments for accurate energy predictions<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>-<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> </span>Schedules are typically not created with the intent of being predictive. Overall building hours are adhered to, but detailed schedule creation is not usually in the scope of a LEED model (or is it, in your
experience?). For instance, typical plug load base values during unoccupied times are .3, this is a pretty big assumption.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>-<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> </span>The App G model uses a TMY weather file, which can vary from the current weather year (I wonder on average by how much?)<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>-<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> </span>Infiltration values are assumed, unless blower door testing has been done (which is rare for commercial buildings).<o:p></o:p></p>
<p>-<span style="font-size:7.0pt"> </span>Thermostat values are modeled as consistent across the building, which is rarely the case in an actual operating building<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Any additional insight is much appreciated!<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7D7773;letter-spacing:.3pt">Jacob Dunn LEED AP BD+C</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#A9AA23;letter-spacing:.3pt">ESKEW+DUMEZ+RIPPLE, APC</span></b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;letter-spacing:.3pt">
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:110%">
<span style="font-size:8.0pt;line-height:110%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7D7773;letter-spacing:.3pt">2014 AIA National Architecture Firm Award</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#7D7773;letter-spacing:.3pt">365 Canal Street Suite 3150
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">James V Dirkes II, PE, BEMP, LEED AP<br>
CEO/President<br>
The Building Performance Team Inc.<br>
1631 Acacia Dr, GR, Mi 49504<br>
<br>
Direct: <a href="tel:616.450.8653" target="_blank">616.450.8653</a><br>
<a href="mailto:jim@buildingperformanceteam.com" target="_blank">jim@buildingperformanceteam.com</a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://buildingperformanceteamcom" target="_blank">Website </a>l <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pub/jim-dirkes/7/444/413" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p style="margin-top:6.0pt"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:blue;background:white">The truth is still the truth, even if nobody believes it. A lie is still a lie, even if
<i>everyone</i> believes it.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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