[From nobody Fri Apr 29 07:43:08 2011
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Subject: Re: [Bldg-sim] historic weather files for model calibration
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Thread-Topic: [Bldg-sim] historic weather files for model calibration
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Aaron-=20

The question &quot;are model results significantly impacted by the difference =
between historic weather data and performance-period data&quot; is a complex =
one, however, here is an approach that may be helpful if you need to =
construct your own custom weather file.

You can purchase historical weather data available from NOAA station =
data from the NCDC &lt;http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html&gt; .  However, =
these data sets do not include solar radiation data and often need some =
QC work (remove extraneous observations, fill gaps, etc).  In the past, =
I have also downloaded weather data from the EnergyPlus =
&lt;http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/weatherdata_download.c=
fm&gt;  site in IWEC format, and converted to .bin using a combination of =
the E+ weather data processor and EPW conversion tool available on the =
DOE-2 &lt;http://doe2.com/index_Wth.html#eQ_WthProc&gt;  Website.  However, =
although a great deal (a FREE service), in my experience, this data can =
have gaps that are too large to fill with the algorithms NREL =
prescribes, which then leads you to either piecing this together w/ some =
other data source, or, only evaluating the model performance over the =
periods you have data for.  For many of my projects, I need a complete =
year or more, so the E+ method was not ideal.

I recently created some DOE-2 .bin weather files using the following =
approach, using data formatting/calculation procedures automated in =
MATLAB, and then the &quot;DOEWth.exe&quot; utility (an older, command line =
program also available from DOE-2.com) to generate a .bin weather file.  =
Once automated, this process can be completed in a relatively short =
period of time. The following is a brief explanation of the process I =
used that may give you some ideas:

1)  Downloaded NOAA data (Integrated Surface Data) for closest site.

2)  Cleaned data of extraneous points and filled gaps in data using NREL =
&lt;http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/pdfs/weatherdata_guide=
_34303.pdf&gt;  filling routines.  There is usually always one or more =
observations recorded for every hour, however, in many cases one or more =
of the variables you need for the simulation weather file may not have =
been reported. =20

If you can obtain measured solar data for your location, skip steps 3-5

3)  Used the Zhang-Huang solar model (discussed in the E+ engineering =
manual) to estimate total horizontal solar radiation with custom model =
parameters developed using least-squares regression to TMY3 data.  In =
this case, I assumed TMY data was more or less &quot;true&quot;, however, for one =
station data I worked with, I noticed some cloud cover observations did =
not appear to be consistent the reported solar radiation data.  However, =
the custom coefficients yeilded better results than the default =
coefficients reported in the E+ literature when I compared the model =
output to a short sample of actual measured solar radiation data I had.  =


4)  Used another model to determine the diffuse solar radiation =
component from the total global radiation.  In my case, I used a custom =
model developed for the Pacific NW (published in a thesis) however, =
there are many similar models developed from various datasets.  Orgill =
and Hollands is a popular model, although they are all very similar.

5) Once you have the two solar components above, direct normal solar =
radiation can be readily calculated.

6) With all of the necessary data now assembled, format into the TMY2 =
format for processing into a .bin file using the DOEWth utility.  Using =
the DOEWth output summary file and a weather file plotting program, like =
D-View, you can &quot;inspect&quot; the measured data to make sure it matches what =
you expect and aligns with daily or month averages more readily =
available.

A few notes:
- The DOEWth utilty does have format methods that will calculate solar =
data, however, I choose to pre-process the solar data using the solar =
radiation models I preferred, which leads you to using the TMY2 format =
method.
- I did not calculate illuminance data since my project did not include =
daylighting controls.  There are models available for calculating =
illuminance, and the DOE-2 program may use a model to estimate it from =
solar radiation data (need to brush up on this section of the engineers =
manual to confirm this).=20
-  Related to the above comment, there are many different models out =
there for calculating solar radiation/illuminance data from other =
measured parameters. I choose the above because I felt like the models =
best captured the variables that I thought were important, and to  =
lesser degree, I could readily implement them in my programming.  Other =
than comparing these models to actual TMY data, I have not rigorously =
compared these model to others available, so you may want to explore =
others. =20
- For any source of weather data you pursue, I would emphasize reviewing =
how data is filled and non-measured variables are calculated (i.e. what =
models were used). =20

I just realized this post may use the word &quot;model&quot; a record number of =
times, but hope you find it useful.


David Reddy


360 Analytics

Building Energy Analysis Consultants

mail:	12354 16th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98125

office: 206.420.7918

mobile:	206.406.9856

web:	www.360-Analytics.com


On 11/29/2010 11:54 AM, Dahlstrom, Aaron wrote:=20

=20

A recent LEED MV plan review comment asked &quot;please indicate the proposed =
calibration method to account for the local weather conditions during =
the performance period.&quot;

=20

This raises the question for me - are model results significantly =
impacted by the difference between historic weather data and =
performance-period data?

=20

When I'm engaged in Measurement and Verification, I can install a =
weather station that records data for performance period to allow for =
calibration. =
(http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/research/gsdsquare/Publications/BuildingSimul=
ation2009.GundHallModel.pdf)

=20

But for an investment-grade energy audit with historic bills, I'm not =
sure where to turn for all the variables needed to construct a weather =
file.

=20

Anyone on this list have a recommendation?=20

=20

(I'm specifically looking for NYC, 2009, weather data for an eQUEST =
model.)

=20

Aaron Dahlstrom , PE, LEED=AE AP

In Posse - A subsidiary of AKF| 1500 Walnut Street, Suite 1414, =
Philadelphia, PA 19102=20

d: 215-282-6753| m: 267-507-5470| In Posse: 215-282-6800| AKF: =
215-735-7290

e: ADahlstrom@in-posse.com | in posse web:  &lt;http://www.in-posse.com/&gt; =
www.in-posse.com | akf web:  &lt;http://www.akfgroup.com/&gt; www.akfgroup.com

=20

=20

=20


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Posse.=20


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&lt;html&gt;
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&lt;META HTTP-EQUIV=3D&quot;Content-Type&quot; CONTENT=3D&quot;text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1&quot;&gt;

   =20
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  &lt;body bgcolor=3D&quot;#ffffff&quot; text=3D&quot;#000000&quot;&gt;
    Aaron- &lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    The question &quot;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;are model results
      significantly impacted by the difference between historic weather
      data and performance-period data&quot; is a complex one, however, here
      is an approach that may be helpful if you need to construct your
      own custom weather file.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    You can purchase historical weather data available from NOAA station
    data from the &lt;a =
href=3D&quot;http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html&quot;&gt;NCDC&lt;/a&gt;.&nbsp;
    However, these data sets do not include solar radiation data and
    often need some QC work (remove extraneous observations, fill gaps,
    etc).&nbsp; In the past, I have also downloaded weather data from =
the &lt;a
href=3D&quot;http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/weatherdata_dow=
nload.cfm&quot;&gt;EnergyPlus&lt;/a&gt;
    site in IWEC format, and converted to .bin using a combination of
    the E+ weather data processor and EPW conversion tool available on
    the &lt;a href=3D&quot;http://doe2.com/index_Wth.html#eQ_WthProc&quot;&gt;DOE-2
      Website&lt;/a&gt;.&nbsp; However, although a great deal (a FREE =
service), in
    my experience, this data can have gaps that are too large to fill
    with the algorithms NREL prescribes, which then leads you to either
    piecing this together w/ some other data source, or, only evaluating
    the model performance over the periods you have data for.&nbsp; For =
many
    of my projects, I need a complete year or more, so the E+ method was
    not ideal.&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    I recently created some DOE-2 .bin weather files using the following
    approach, using data formatting/calculation procedures automated in
    MATLAB, and then the &quot;DOEWth.exe&quot; utility (an older, command line
    program also available from DOE-2.com) to generate a .bin weather
    file.&nbsp; Once automated, this process can be completed in a =
relatively
    short period of time. The following is a brief explanation of the
    process I used that may give you some ideas:&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    1)&nbsp; Downloaded NOAA data (Integrated Surface Data) for closest =
site.&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    2)&nbsp; Cleaned data of extraneous points and filled gaps in data =
using
    &lt;a
href=3D&quot;http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/pdfs/weatherdat=
a_guide_34303.pdf&quot;&gt;NREL&lt;/a&gt;
    filling routines.&nbsp; There is usually always one or more =
observations
    recorded for every hour, however, in many cases one or more of the
    variables you need for the simulation weather file may not have been
    reported.&nbsp; &lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    If you can obtain measured solar data for your location, skip steps
    3-5&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    3)&nbsp; Used the Zhang-Huang solar model (discussed in the E+
    engineering manual) to estimate total horizontal solar radiation
    with custom model parameters developed using least-squares
    regression to TMY3 data.&nbsp; In this case, I assumed TMY data was =
more
    or less &quot;true&quot;, however, for one station data I worked with, I
    noticed some cloud cover observations did not appear to be
    consistent the reported solar radiation data.&nbsp; However, the =
custom
    coefficients yeilded better results than the default coefficients
    reported in the E+ literature when I compared the model output to a
    short sample of actual measured solar radiation data I had.&nbsp; =
&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    4)&nbsp; Used another model to determine the diffuse solar radiation
    component from the total global radiation.&nbsp; In my case, I used =
a
    custom model developed for the Pacific NW (published in a thesis)
    however, there are many similar models developed from various
    datasets.&nbsp; Orgill and Hollands is a popular model, although =
they are
    all very similar.&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    5) Once you have the two solar components above, direct normal solar
    radiation can be readily calculated.&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    6) With all of the necessary data now assembled, format into the
    TMY2 format for processing into a .bin file using the DOEWth
    utility.&nbsp; Using the DOEWth output summary file and a weather =
file
    plotting program, like D-View, you can &quot;inspect&quot; the measured data
    to make sure it matches what you expect and aligns with daily or
    month averages more readily available.&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    A few notes:&lt;br&gt;
    - The DOEWth utilty does have format methods that will calculate
    solar data, however, I choose to pre-process the solar data using
    the solar radiation models I preferred, which leads you to using the
    TMY2 format method.&lt;br&gt;
    - I did not calculate illuminance data since my project did not
    include daylighting controls.&nbsp; There are models available for
    calculating illuminance, and the DOE-2 program may use a model to
    estimate it from solar radiation data (need to brush up on this
    section of the engineers manual to confirm this). &lt;br&gt;
    -&nbsp; Related to the above comment, there are many different =
models out
    there for calculating solar radiation/illuminance data from other
    measured parameters. I choose the above because I felt like the
    models best captured the variables that I thought were important,
    and to&nbsp; lesser degree, I could readily implement them in my
    programming.&nbsp; Other than comparing these models to actual TMY =
data,
    I have not rigorously compared these model to others available, so
    you may want to explore others.&nbsp; &lt;br&gt;
    - For any source of weather data you pursue, I would emphasize
    reviewing how data is filled and non-measured variables are
    calculated (i.e. what models were used).&nbsp; &lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    I just realized this post may use the word &quot;model&quot; a record number
    of times, but hope you find it useful.&lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    &lt;pre class=3D&quot;moz-signature&quot; cols=3D&quot;72&quot;&gt;David Reddy

360 Analytics
Building Energy Analysis Consultants
mail:	12354 16th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98125
office: 206.420.7918
mobile:	206.406.9856
web:	&lt;a class=3D&quot;moz-txt-link-abbreviated&quot; =
href=3D&quot;http://www.360-Analytics.com&quot;&gt;www.360-Analytics.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    &lt;br&gt;
    On 11/29/2010 11:54 AM, Dahlstrom, Aaron wrote:
    &lt;blockquote
cite=3D&quot;mid:22CE8791E7DE554FB00676D7248C6B5533420939@AKFMAILPA.AKF-ENG.CO=
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12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;A recent
            LEED MV plan review comment asked &#8220;please indicate the
            proposed calibration method to account for the local weather
            conditions during the performance =
period.&#8221;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: =
12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;This =
raises
            the question for me - are model results significantly
            impacted by the difference between historic weather data and
            performance-period data?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: =
12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;When =
I&#8217;m
            engaged in Measurement and Verification, I can install a
            weather station that records data for performance period to
            allow for calibration. (&lt;a moz-do-not-send=3D&quot;true&quot;
href=3D&quot;http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/research/gsdsquare/Publications/Buildi=
ngSimulation2009.GundHallModel.pdf&quot;&gt;http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/research/g=
sdsquare/Publications/BuildingSimulation2009.GundHallModel.pdf&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;=
/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: =
12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;But for =
an
            investment-grade energy audit with historic bills, I&#8217;m =
not
            sure where to turn for all the variables needed to construct
            a weather file.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: =
12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Anyone =
on
            this list have a recommendation? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: =
12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: =
12pt;&quot;&gt;(I&#8217;m
            specifically looking for NYC, 2009, weather data for an
            eQUEST model.)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: =
12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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              style=3D&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family:
              &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: =
gray;&quot;&gt;Aaron
              Dahlstrom , PE, LEED&reg; AP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=3D&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span
              style=3D&quot;font-family: &quot;AvantGarde Bk
              BT&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(23, 54, =
93);&quot;&gt;In
              P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-family: =
&quot;AvantGarde
              Bk BT&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: rgb(97, 148,
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              color: rgb(23, 54, 93);&quot;&gt;sse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span
            style=3D&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family:
            &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color: gray;&quot;&gt; =
&#8211;
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            font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
            color: gray;&quot;&gt;A subsidiary of&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span =
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              &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color:
              rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;AKF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size:
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            style=3D&quot;font-size: 9pt; line-height: 150%; font-family:
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            215-282-6753| m: 267-507-5470| In Posse: 215-282-6800| AKF:
            215-735-7290&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;p class=3D&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=3D&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=3D&quot;font-size: 9pt;
            font-family: &quot;Verdana&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;
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