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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Neal,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Thanks very much – this is
very helpful and rounds out my understanding much better!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Regarding climate, I probably
wasn’t clear in my intent – I meant that the 0.875 “factor,”
if correctly understood to account for (among other things) the amount a unit
can be expected to cycle during a cooling season, might also vary based on
climate. The idea here being that the same condensing unit will cycle on more
in Florida than in Maine for the same cooling season. If the goal is to come
up with a “seasonally averaged EER,” then perhaps varying that
factor could do the trick?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Some extra google-searching has
led me to this article coming out of UCF:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><a
href="http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/html/FSEC-PF-413-04/">http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/html/FSEC-PF-413-04/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>In particular, check out this interesting
climate map presented as part of the conclusions showing how location-specific SEER/HSPF
efficiencies can vary from ARI ratings: <a
href="http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/html/FSEC-PF-413-04/images/Figure5_lg.gif">http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/html/FSEC-PF-413-04/images/Figure5_lg.gif</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>It sounds for the moment like the
SEER/HSPF -> EER formulae you’ve shared below might be what I’m
looking for – for my part, I’ll see whether I can look up that
student’s paper =).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>***<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>PS: I’ve only picked up
this [EER = 0.875 * SEER] equation from popular hear-say… After some
digging I’ve found what looks like a plausible explanation of its source
here: <a
href="http://www.udarrell.com/airconditioning_eer_ratings_over_seer_ratings_central_systems.html">http://www.udarrell.com/airconditioning_eer_ratings_over_seer_ratings_central_systems.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:#1F497D'>“</span><span
style='font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>The SEER of a system is determined
by multiplying the steady state energy efficiency ratio (EER) measured at conditions
of 82°F outdoor temperature, 80°F dB/ 67°F wb 50% RH indoor entering air
temperature by the “Part Load Factor” (PLF) of the system. <br>
The PLF is a measure of the cyclic performance (CD) of a system and is
calculated as follows: CD is Cyclical Data<br>
PLF = 1.00 - (CD X's 0.5)<br>
<br>
"The cyclic performance (CD) value in the above equation has been
determined by the government to be 0.25." The government contends that the
PLF should equal: <br>
[1.00 - (.25 x .5)] = .125 <br>
1.00 - .125 = 0.875, which yields: PLF of 0.875”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>The same fellow goes on to cite
California provides the formula [SEER = EER / 0.90] (is this a Title 24 thing?),
and that for Georgia a value of 0.80 might be a better approximation constant
considering the climate.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>*** <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Thanks again so much!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>~Nick<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=119
height=37 id="_x0000_i1026" src="cid:image001.jpg@01CBDD9A.E1D81D10"
alt="cid:489575314@22072009-0ABB"></span><b><span style='font-family:"Stylus BT","sans-serif";
color:#2D4D5E'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Stylus BT","sans-serif";
color:#2D4D5E'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Stylus BT","sans-serif";
color:#2D4D5E'>NICK CATON, E.I.T.</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Stylus BT","sans-serif";color:#2D4D5E'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;color:#CC9900'>PROJECT ENGINEER<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E'>Smith &
Boucher Engineers</span><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:#CC9900'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E'>25501 west
valley parkway<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E'>olathe ks 66061<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E'>direct 913
344.0036<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E'>fax 913
345.0617<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><a href="www.smithboucher.com"
title="blocked::www.smithboucher.com"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>www.smithboucher.com</span></a></span><u><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'> </span></u><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Kruis, Neal
[mailto:Neal.Kruis@nrel.gov] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, March 08, 2011 2:01 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Nick Caton; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: Fundamentals: SEER/HSPF conversions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Nick,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>The relationship between SEER
and EER is going to vary from system to system and does not depend on the
climate. Take a look at the AHRI certified product database:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><a
href="http://www.ahridirectory.org/ahridirectory/pages/home.aspx">http://www.ahridirectory.org/ahridirectory/pages/home.aspx</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>They report both SEER and EER for all air conditioners and
heat pumps that have been tested. There is no way to convert directly between
SEER and EER (or HSPF and COP) without having the results from the all of the
AHRI tests which are usually kept confidential. The approximation of 0.875
accounts for part load cycling losses, but also how the system performs at other
test conditions. It is probably a fair assumption, though you might want to
check out the Building America House Simulation Protocol which uses:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>EER = -0.02*SEER^2 + 1.12*SEER<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>This is based on a thesis
written by a student at University of Colorado. The same thesis used:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>COP_47 = -0.026*HSPF^2 +
0.624*HSPF<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Here is the reference for the
thesis:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>Wassmer, M. (2003). A
Component-Based Model for Residential Air Conditioner and Heat Pump Energy
Calculations. Masters Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder.</span><span
style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Hope this helps,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Neal Kruis<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Electricity, Resources &
Building Systems Integration<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>National Renewable Energy
Laboratory<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>1617 Cole Blvd. MS 5202<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Golden, CO 80401<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>(303) 384-7384<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org
[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Nick Caton<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, March 08, 2011 12:36 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Bldg-sim] Fundamentals: SEER/HSPF conversions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>I understand HSPF is fundamentally the same thing as SEER,
only it’s representing a heating season instead of a cooling season.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>When handling SEER, I used the following equation to come up
with a seasonally averaged cooling EER:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>EER = SEER * 0.875<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>My limited understanding is that 0.875 is a conceptually a
constant representing a “part load cycling factor” of sorts for a
typical cooling season. I’ve read multiple times this constant
should vary with climate (commonly, “Georgia = 0.8” and
“California = 0.9”). While that makes sense to me, I’ve
yet to see a citable climate map or similar reference breaking down what factor
to use where… so up to this point I’ve stuck with 0.875 for
simplicity’s sake.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>My root question is: Is there a comparable “part
load cycling factor,” for one or more climates, for converting HSPF to a
seasonally averaged heating COP/EER?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Put another way: EER = HSPF * <u>???</u><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>~Nick<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><img border=0 width=119 height=37 id="Picture_x0020_1"
src="cid:image001.jpg@01CBDD9A.E1D81D10" alt="cid:489575314@22072009-0ABB"><b><span
style='font-family:"Stylus BT","sans-serif";color:#2D4D5E'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Stylus BT","sans-serif";
color:#2D4D5E'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Stylus BT","sans-serif";
color:#2D4D5E'>NICK CATON, E.I.T.</span></b><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Stylus BT","sans-serif";color:#2D4D5E'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;color:#CC9900'>PROJECT ENGINEER<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E'>Smith &
Boucher Engineers</span><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";
color:#CC9900'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E'>25501 west
valley parkway<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E'>olathe ks 66061<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E'>direct 913
344.0036<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:#2D4D5E'>fax 913
345.0617<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><a href="www.smithboucher.com"
title="blocked::www.smithboucher.com"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>www.smithboucher.com</span></a></span><u><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;color:blue'> </span></u><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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