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<p>Rohini,</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Zoning a building is still an art form. There are very few papers that have looked into this with any rigor.
</p>
<p> </p>
<p>In one thesis we did on the Zachry building, which was the basis for the Predictor Shootout I and II, we looked at 1, 2, 5 and actual zoning on the building. What we saw was that, in general, the centroid of the "cloud" of data points remained about the
same. However, the scatter in the cloud became more pronounced at we added more zones.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>So, if all the zones in the floor are being operated the same, I'd use 1, 2 or 5 zones per floor, depending on the functions of what's going on in each zone. Real walls or air walls between the zones usually get the job done.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>The quickest way to get the light and receptacle loads on a real building is using "blink" tests, which can be done on a Saturday, with walkie talkies, and a data logger on the whole-building electric feed, possibly some sub feeds. I first heard of this
test from Todd Taylor at PNNL. We've used it to help resolved motor loads, lighting loads, receptacles, etc. Seems to work pretty well.
</p>
<p> </p>
<p>There are also several ways to get the plug loads, including: by proxy, by weather-day-type profiles, by daily readings, and a method that uses an energy balance. The proxy methods can use square proxies for for the occupancy based on OLF/ELF ratios, the
weather-day-type method was something that I heard about from Don Hadley at PNNL, later adopted by Bou Saada on the Forrestal building and daycare center. The daily readings are just that, read the main meter by eye, daily, especially during weather independent
times. The energy balance method is documented in papers by Claridge et al. at the ESL.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>There is also some encouraging work being done by Abushakra and Reddy on ASHRAE RP 1404, now in progress and scheduled for completion later this year. This is based on previous work by Abushakra for his Ph.D. thesis.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Hope this helps.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Jeff</p>
<div>
<p> </p>
<p>PS: here are some helpful papers:</p>
<p> </p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Song, S., Haberl, J. 2008. “A Procedure for the Performance Evaluation of a New Commercial Building: Part I
– Calibrated As-built Simulation”,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><i>ASHRAE Transactions-Research,
</i>Vol. 114, Pt. 2, pp. 375-388 (June ).<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">
<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Song, S., Haberl, J. 2008. “A Procedure for the Performance Evaluation of a New Commercial Building: Part II
– Overall Methodology and Comparison of Results”,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span><i>ASHRAE Transactions-Research, </i>Vol. 114, Pt. 2, pp. 389 – 403 (June).<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Claridge, D., Abushakra, B., Haberl, J. 2003. “Electricity Diversity Profiles for
Energy Simulation of Office Buildings (1093-RP),” <i>ASHRAE Transactions-Research,</i> Vol. 110, Pt. 1 (February), pp. 365-377.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: FR" lang="FR">Haberl, J., Bou-Saada, T. 1998.
</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">“Procedures for Calibrating Hourly Simulation Models to Measured Building Energy and Environmental Data,”
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering</i>, Vol. 120, pp. 193 - 204 (August).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: FR" lang="FR">Haberl, J., Bronson, D., O'Neal, D. 1995.
</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">“An Evaluation of the Impact of Using Measured Weather Data Versus TMY Weather Data in a DOE-2 Simulation of an Existing Building in Central Texas,”
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">ASHRAE Transactions-Research, </i>Vol. 101, Pt.. 2, pp. 558 - 576 (June).
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Haberl, J., Bronson, D., Hinchey, S., O'Neal, D. 1993. “Graphical Tools to help Calibrate the DOE-2 Simulation
Program to Non-weather Dependent Measured Loads,” <i>ASHRAE Journal</i>, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 27 - 32 (January).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Haberl, J., MacDonald, M., Eden, A. 1988. “An Overview of 3-D Graphical Analysis Using DOE-2 Hourly Simulation
Data,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">ASHRAE Transactions-Research, </i>
Vol. 94, Pt. 1, pp. 212 - 227 (January). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Kim, K., Haberl, J. 2010. “Development of a Calibration Methodology for Code-Complaint
Simulation With Results From Using a Case-Study House in a Hot and Humid Climate”,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Proceedings of the 17th<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">
</span>Symposium on Improving Building Systems in Hot and Humid Climates,</span></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt"> Texas A&M University, Austin, Texas, accepted for publication (May).<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p style="TEXT-INDENT: 0in; MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in" class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9pt">Bronson, D., Hinchey, S., Haberl, J., O'Neal, D. 1992. “A Procedure for Calibrating the DOE-2 Simulation Program
to Non-Weather Dependent Loads,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">ASHRAE Transactions-Research,
</i>Vol. 98, Pt. 1, pp. 636 - 652 (January).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p></p>
<div><font color="#0000ff" size="2" face="Tahoma">8=! 8=) :=) 8=) ;=) 8=) 8=( 8=) 8=() 8=) 8=| 8=) :=') 8=)8=?<br>
<br>
Jeff S. Haberl, Ph.D.,P.E., FASHRAE..............jhaberl@tamu.edu<br>
<br>
Professor............................................................Office Ph: 979-845-6507<br>
<br>
Department of Architecture.............................Lab Ph:979-845-6065<br>
<br>
Energy Systems Laboratory.............................FAX: 979-862-2457<br>
<br>
Texas A&M University.....................................77843-3581<br>
<br>
College Station, Texas, USA, 77843..................URL:www.esl.tamu.edu<br>
<br>
8=/ 8=) :=) 8=) ;=) 8=) 8=() 8=) :=) 8=) 8=! 8=) 8=? 8=)8=0<br>
</font></div>
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<div style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 16px">
<hr tabindex="-1">
<div style="DIRECTION: ltr" id="divRpF359583"><font color="#000000" size="2" face="Tahoma"><b>From:</b> bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org [bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] on behalf of Carol Gardner [cmg750@gmail.com]<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Saturday, February 05, 2011 12:59 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> R B<br>
<b>Cc:</b> bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Modelling for retrofit ECM's<br>
</font><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div>Hi Rohini,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>When you are bill matching there are not magical ways of doing things. You pretty much have to put what's in the building in your model. Those things you can control. The tricky part is to figure out how the building is really being operated and to get
the most accurate weather data you can for your site.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Cheers,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Carol<br>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Feb 4, 2011 at 8:34 AM, R B <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:slv3sat@gmail.com" target="_blank">slv3sat@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT: #ccc 1px solid; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; PADDING-LEFT: 1ex" class="gmail_quote">
<div><br clear="all">
Hi All, </div>
<div>While modelling existing building (with calibration to utility bill), do you model every VAV zone or lump similar ones together? What could be possible disadvantages of lumping down the road? Any ECM's that will be affected by this simplification?</div>
<div>Is there a magical way to figure the W/sqft for lighting and plug loads without having to count everything on site?
</div>
<div>Thanks for any insights.</div>
<div>-Rohini</div>
<br>
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<br>
<br clear="all">
<br>
-- <br>
Carol Gardner PE<br>
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