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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Hi Guys,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>YES – The thermal modelling of residential
buildings is significantly affected by the use of non site measured /
synchronised weather observations. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>In our empirical validation research we
have found only the occasional day where the air temperature may be the same
but the Solar radiation values (Global, Direct beam & Diffuse) are considerably
different. But generally, there were significant difference (between 4 & 7
Deg C) in the min & max values on a daily basis. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>At a recent meeting with a government agencies
in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region>,
I raised concern with regard to the general flattening of the min & max
values that appears to occur in the development of the TMY file. It is these
times of min & max when cooling or heating models are invoked & energy
is used. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><font
size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy'>Mark Dewsbury<br>
<br>
Centre for Sustainable Architecture with Wood<br>
<st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"><u1:place u2:st="on"><u1:PlaceType u2:st="on">School</st1:PlaceType></u1:PlaceType>
of <u1:PlaceName u2:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Architecture</st1:PlaceName></st1:place><br>
</u1:PlaceName><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on"></u1:place><u1:place u2:st="on"><u1:PlaceType u2:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType></u1:PlaceType>
of <u1:PlaceName u2:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Tasmania</st1:PlaceName></st1:place><br>
</u1:PlaceName></u1:place>Locked Bag 1324<br>
Launceston 7250<br>
ph: 03 6324 4089<br>
mob: 0417 290 807<br>
fax: 03 6324 4088<br>
</span></font><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'>e: <a
href="mailto:mark.dewsbury@utas.edu.au"
title="blocked::mailto:mark.dewsbury@utas.edu.au">mark.dewsbury@utas.edu.au</a></span><o:p></o:p></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
Hwakong Cheng [mailto:hwakong@hotmail.com] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, 1 December 2010
9:08 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> david.j.reddy1@gmail.com;
adahlstrom@in-posse.com; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Bldg-sim] historic
weather files for model calibration</span></font><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'>Hi Aaron,<br>
<br>
Building your own weather file can be difficult and tedious,
especially gathering the appropriate solar data. Here are a
couple alternatives that may be appropriate depending on the specific
context of your project:<br>
<br>
1 - Compare the heating and cooling degree days between your performance
period and the TMY weather. If you have multiple years of utility data and
associated weather data, the weather variations each year might average out to
be very similar to the TMY. If they are moderately different, you could
attempt to adjust modeling results based on this difference?<br>
2 - If you create a custom weather file for a short performance period (e.g.
one year or less) and tune your model to the utility data from that period,
then your results are only applicable to performance during that
period. Maybe that's what you want. A different way to look at it would be to
generalize the results to a typical year (i.e. the TMY weather). One method is
to develop regression fits of measured energy use as a function of outside air
temperature. For example, graph hourly hot water use against measured
hourly outside air temperature and do a curve fit. The relationship is
generally linear but perhaps with a change-point (where the slope
changes). With the regressions, you can apply these relationships to
the weather data in the TMY file to generalize the measured energy use to
energy use during a typical year. Thus, calibrating a TMY-based energy model to
the normalized baseline would be an apples to apples comparison and the results
would be generalized to typical conditions rather than just the specific
conditions during your performance period. There's more to it, but
that's the general gist. <br>
<br>
Also, there was a great spreadsheet tool that was shared on bldg-sim a
couple years ago that used macros to automatically gather and compile actual
(hourly or even sub-hourly) weather data from weather stations on <a
href="http://www.wunderground.com">www.wunderground.com</a>. But no solar data.
I use this tool exclusively now for gathering real weather data. <br>
<br>
Good luck,<br>
Hwakong<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center id=stopSpelling>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>Date: Mon, 29 Nov 2010 22:09:48
-0800<br>
From: david.j.reddy1@gmail.com<br>
To: ADahlstrom@in-posse.com; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
Subject: Re: [Bldg-sim] historic weather files for model calibration<br>
<br>
Aaron- <br>
<br>
The question "</span></font><font face=Tahoma><span style='font-family:
Tahoma'>are model results significantly impacted by the difference between
historic weather data and performance-period data" is a complex one,
however, here is an approach that may be helpful if you need to construct your
own custom weather file.</span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<br>
You can purchase historical weather data available from NOAA station data from
the <a href="http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html" target="_blank">NCDC</a>.
However, these data sets do not include solar radiation data and often need
some QC work (remove extraneous observations, fill gaps, etc). In the
past, I have also downloaded weather data from the <a
href="http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/weatherdata_download.cfm"
target="_blank">EnergyPlus</a> site in IWEC format, and converted to .bin using
a combination of the E+ weather data processor and EPW conversion tool
available on the <a href="http://doe2.com/index_Wth.html#eQ_WthProc"
target="_blank">DOE-2 Website</a>. However, although a great deal (a FREE
service), in my experience, this data can have gaps that are too large to fill
with the algorithms NREL prescribes, which then leads you to either piecing
this together w/ some other data source, or, only evaluating the model
performance over the periods you have data for. For many of my projects,
I need a complete year or more, so the E+ method was not ideal.<br>
<br>
I recently created some DOE-2 .bin weather files using the following approach,
using data formatting/calculation procedures automated in MATLAB, and then the
"DOEWth.exe" utility (an older, command line program also available
from DOE-2.com) to generate a .bin weather file. Once automated, this
process can be completed in a relatively short period of time. The following is
a brief explanation of the process I used that may give you some ideas:<br>
<br>
1) Downloaded NOAA data (Integrated Surface Data) for closest site.<br>
<br>
2) Cleaned data of extraneous points and filled gaps in data using <a
href="http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/pdfs/weatherdata_guide_34303.pdf"
target="_blank">NREL</a> filling routines. There is usually always one or
more observations recorded for every hour, however, in many cases one or more
of the variables you need for the simulation weather file may not have been
reported. <br>
<br>
If you can obtain measured solar data for your location, skip steps 3-5<br>
<br>
3) Used the Zhang-Huang solar model (discussed in the E+ engineering
manual) to estimate total horizontal solar radiation with custom model
parameters developed using least-squares regression to TMY3 data. In this
case, I assumed TMY data was more or less "true", however, for one
station data I worked with, I noticed some cloud cover observations did not
appear to be consistent the reported solar radiation data. However, the
custom coefficients yeilded better results than the default coefficients
reported in the E+ literature when I compared the model output to a short
sample of actual measured solar radiation data I had. <br>
<br>
4) Used another model to determine the diffuse solar radiation component
from the total global radiation. In my case, I used a custom model
developed for the Pacific NW (published in a thesis) however, there are many
similar models developed from various datasets. Orgill and <st1:City
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Hollands</st1:place></st1:City> is a popular
model, although they are all very similar.<br>
<br>
5) Once you have the two solar components above, direct normal solar radiation
can be readily calculated.<br>
<br>
6) With all of the necessary data now assembled, format into the TMY2 format
for processing into a .bin file using the DOEWth utility. Using the
DOEWth output summary file and a weather file plotting program, like D-View,
you can "inspect" the measured data to make sure it matches what you
expect and aligns with daily or month averages more readily available.<br>
<br>
A few notes:<br>
- The DOEWth utilty does have format methods that will calculate solar data,
however, I choose to pre-process the solar data using the solar radiation
models I preferred, which leads you to using the TMY2 format method.<br>
- I did not calculate illuminance data since my project did not include
daylighting controls. There are models available for calculating
illuminance, and the DOE-2 program may use a model to estimate it from solar
radiation data (need to brush up on this section of the engineers manual to
confirm this). <br>
- Related to the above comment, there are many different models out there
for calculating solar radiation/illuminance data from other measured
parameters. I choose the above because I felt like the models best captured the
variables that I thought were important, and to lesser degree, I could
readily implement them in my programming. Other than comparing these
models to actual TMY data, I have not rigorously compared these model to others
available, so you may want to explore others. <br>
- For any source of weather data you pursue, I would emphasize reviewing how
data is filled and non-measured variables are calculated (i.e. what models were
used). <br>
<br>
I just realized this post may use the word "model" a record number of
times, but hope you find it useful.<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<pre><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>David Reddy<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>360 Analytics<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>Building Energy Analysis Consultants<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>mail: <st1:address
w:st="on"><st1:Street w:st="on">12354 16th Ave NE</st1:Street>, <st1:City
w:st="on">Seattle</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">WA</st1:State> <st1:PostalCode
w:st="on">98125</st1:PostalCode></st1:address><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>office: 206.420.7918<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>mobile: 206.406.9856<o:p></o:p></span></font></pre><pre><font
size=2 face="Courier New"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>web: <a
href="http://www.360-analytics.com/" target="_blank">www.360-Analytics.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></pre>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<br>
<br>
On 11/29/2010 11:54 AM, Dahlstrom, Aaron wrote: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'>A recent LEED MV plan review comment asked “please indicate
the proposed calibration method to account for the local weather conditions
during the performance period.”</span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'>This raises the question for me - are model results
significantly impacted by the difference between historic weather data and
performance-period data?</span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'>When I’m engaged in Measurement and Verification, I can
install a weather station that records data for performance period to allow for
calibration. (<a
href="http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/research/gsdsquare/Publications/BuildingSimulation2009.GundHallModel.pdf"
target="_blank">http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/research/gsdsquare/Publications/BuildingSimulation2009.GundHallModel.pdf</a>)</span></font><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'>But for an investment-grade energy audit with historic
bills, I’m not sure where to turn for all the variables needed to construct a
weather file.</span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'>Anyone on this list have a recommendation? </span></font><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'>(I’m specifically looking for NYC, 2009, weather data for
an eQUEST model.)</span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><b><font size=1 color=gray
face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:Verdana;
color:gray;font-weight:bold'>Aaron Dahlstrom , PE, LEED® AP</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:
Tahoma'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=gray face=Verdana><span style='font-size:
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