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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>There is active research in this area: ASHRAE RP 1478 Measuring Air-tightness
of Mid- and High-Rise Non-residential Buildings. This project is focussing on
buildings constructed after 2000. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>When complete this will go some way to providing data to some of
the unknowns… <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Iain<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:gray'>Dr. Iain Macdonald, Ph.D.</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:gray'>Research Officer / Agent de recherches</span><span lang=FR-CA
style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:gray'>Indoor Environment Research program / Programme de recherche sur
l'environnement intérieur</span><span lang=FR-CA style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:gray'>Institute for Research in Construction / Institut de recherche en
construction</span><span lang=FR-CA style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:gray'>National Research Council Canada / Conseil national de recherches
Canada</span><span lang=FR-CA style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:gray'>1200 Montréal Road / 1200 chemin Montréal</span><span lang=FR-CA
style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:gray'>Ottawa Ontario K1A 0R6</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:gray'>Phone/Tél: (613) 993-9676</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:gray'>Fax: (613) 954-3733</span><span lang=FR-CA style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:gray'>Email: </span><span style='color:#1F497D'><a
href="mailto:iain.macdonald@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca"><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:
7.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:gray'>iain.macdonald@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca</span></a></span><span
lang=FR-CA style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org
[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>James V
Dirkes II, PE<br>
<b>Sent:</b> July 2, 2010 9:48 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Chris Balbach'; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Infiltration<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Amen to that!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Stated another way, almost anyone who thinks they know (with any
precision) the infiltration rate of any building is misinformed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Thanks, Chris, for the references. I was unfamiliar with
them, probably due to giving up hope for any accurate way to estimate
infiltration long ago. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>That said, more effort is being spent on understanding and
reducing infiltration in recent years and, while the <u>estimation</u> of
infiltration may not improve, the construction practices which <u>allow</u>
infiltration may very well improve as a result!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:13.5pt;color:#1F497D'>The Building Performance Team<br>
</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>James V. Dirkes II, P.E.,
LEED AP<br>
</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'>1631 Acacia Drive NW<br>
Grand Rapids, MI 49504<br>
616 450 8653<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org [mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Chris Balbach<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, July 01, 2010 5:57 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Nick Caton'; 'Vinay Devanathan'; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Infiltration<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Vinay et.
al:</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><u><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Understanding
and Estimating Large Building Infiltration</span></u><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>.... One
of those 'Defense of the Dark Arts' courses at Hogwarts!</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Reminds me
of a quote from Donald Rumsfield: "... because as we know, there are known
knowns; there are things we know we know. We also know there are known
unknowns, that is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But
there are also unknown unknowns - the ones we don't know we don't know"</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Chew on
that one for awhile...</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>If there
was such a course, I'd recommend the attached pdf be in the list of
required reading.. If nothing else it's a gold mine refererence for explaining
to your client why 'measuring' infiltration rates in his/her building, while
theoetically possible, it most likely would require an ENORMOUS amount of cash
and airflow to generate a meaningful "reference pressure". This
document is "solid" on the fundamentals. </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>So, if you
want to do it 'right' - this pdf will help you correctly specify a
infiltration measurement test procedure to be performed by a qualified 'Testing
Agency. I'd bring several bags of cash with me.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>The
fallback here that many of us may find useful are the 'standards' tables on
pages 5, 6, and 7. If you don't measure, you will have to estimate, and atleast
these 'standards' will give you a sense of how 'non-standard' your final
estimate is.. We have to work with what we have.. </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>ASHRAE's
RP-935: "Protocol for Field Testing of Tall Buildings to Determine
Envelope Air Leakage Rate" - (Available free to ASHRAE members through the
ASHRAE bookstore) is another good reference to get familiar with possible
methods for better understanding the "known unknowns".... As for the
"unknown unknowns" - thank god for ASHRAE research. </span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>All the
Best,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>_Chris</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Chris
Balbach, PE, CEM BEMP, CMVP</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Vice President
of Research and Development</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>Performance
Systems Development of NY, LLC</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>124
Brindley Street, Suite 4, Ithaca NY 14850</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'><a
href="http://www.psdconsulting.com">http://www.psdconsulting.com</a></span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:blue'>ph:
(607)-327-1647</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style='margin-left:36.0pt'>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:
12.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt'><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org
[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Nick Caton<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, July 01, 2010 5:14 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Vinay Devanathan; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Infiltration</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>That’s
typical in my experience.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Infiltration
is figured primarily based on temperature and pressure differential (wind speed
vs.interior pressurization) across an exterior surface, among other
things. Lacking any exterior surfaces, I would presume any
“interior cross-zonal infiltration” is generally negligible, unless
you might be dealing with a large positively pressurized unconditioned space…?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>~Nick<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><b><span lang=EN-US
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bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org
[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Vinay
Devanathan<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, July 01, 2010 2:57 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Bldg-sim] Infiltration<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><span lang=EN-US>Hello,<br>
<br>
While performing energy modeling, I am guessing it is enough if we account
infiltration just for the zones in contact with the exterior environment? Am I
right?<br>
Or do we have to include interior zones in infiltration calc?<br>
<br>
Thank you.<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
Vinay<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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