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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>In basement rooms that I have modeled,
additional insulation usually has little impact if the space has internal loads
that require cooling. The reduced heating energy is offset by additional
cooling, since you can no longer get as much cooling from the “cold wall.”
However, if the room is only heated (no cooling), then insulation makes a big
difference. I discovered this when I noticed heating during the summer. (The
summer heating went away when I lowered the thermostat setpoint from the
default setpoint. It was a utility room.)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>________________________________</span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><ns0:PersonName w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz"
w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz"
w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><st1:PersonName w:st="on"><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>Keith Swartz</span></font></st1:PersonName></ns0:PersonName><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>, P.E., LEED AP</span></font></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><br>
Energy Engineer / Senior Project Manager<br>
</span></font><strong><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><ns0:PlaceName w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz"
w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz"
w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on"><font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'>Energy</span></font></st1:PlaceName></ns0:PlaceName><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font><ns0:PlaceType
w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><st1:PlaceType
w:st="on"><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'>Center</span></font></st1:PlaceType></ns0:PlaceType><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'> of </span></font><ns0:place
w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><ns0:State
w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><st1:State
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'>Wisconsin</span></font></st1:place></st1:State><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy;font-weight:normal'><br>
</span></font><span style='font-weight:normal'></ns0:State></span></ns0:place></span></font></b></strong><ns0:Street
w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><ns0:address
w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><st1:address
w:st="on"><st1:Street w:st="on"><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'>455
Science Drive, Suite 200</span></font></st1:Street><font color=navy><span
style='color:navy'>, </span></font></ns0:address></st1:address></ns0:Street></span></font><ns0:place
w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><ns0:City
w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><st1:City
w:st="on"><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'>Madison</span></font></st1:City></ns0:City><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>, </span></font><ns0:State
w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><st1:State
w:st="on"><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'>WI</span></font></st1:State></ns0:State><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font><ns0:PostalCode
w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><st1:PostalCode
w:st="on"><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'>53711</span></font></st1:PostalCode><br>
</ns0:PostalCode></ns0:place></span></font><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Phone: 608.238.8276 x123<br>
Fax: 608.238.0523<br>
<br>
<strong><b><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'>The Buildings Team</span></font></b></strong></span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><em><i><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Design decisions through
energy, economics and emissions analysis.</span></font></i></em><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><a href="http://www.ecw.org/Buildings">www.ecw.org/Buildings</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Calibri><span style='font-size:
11.0pt;color:navy'><br>
</span></font><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial;font-weight:bold'><ns0:place w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz"
w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz"
w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><ns0:PlaceName w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz"
w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz"
w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'>Energy</span></font></ns0:PlaceName><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font><ns0:PlaceType
w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>Center</span></font></ns0:PlaceType><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'> </span></font><ns0:PlaceType
w:insAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"
w:endInsAuthor="Keith Swartz" w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>University<br>
</span></font></ns0:PlaceType></ns0:place></span></font></b><i><font size=2
color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:navy;font-style:italic'>Your gateway to sustainable design training and
online education programs.<br>
</span></font></i><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'><a
href="http://www.ecw.org/university/" title="http://www.ecw.org/university/"><font
size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial'><span
title="http://www.ecw.org/university/">www.ecw.org/university/</span></span></font></a></span></font><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> James V Dirkes
II, PE [mailto:jvd2pe@tds.net] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, March 30, 2010 7:32
AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> 'James Hansen'; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [Bldg-sim] C-factors</span></font><font
size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'>Sounds right to me.
I’ve wondered about the relatively low “U” for basements,
too. My best guess for ASHRAE’s rationale is that the additional
heating load is balanced by reduced cooling load……<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b><font size=4
color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D;font-weight:bold'>The Building
Performance Team<br>
</span></font></b><b><font size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D;font-weight:
bold'>James V. Dirkes II, P.E., LEED AP<br>
</span></font></b><font size=3 color="#1f497d" face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D'>1631
Acacia Drive NW<br>
Grand Rapids, MI 49504<br>
616 450 8653<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org
[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>James Hansen<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Tuesday, March 30, 2010 8:18
AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Bldg-sim] C-factors<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>I wanted to run something by everyone to see if this
is how most people model underground
walls: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>For my climate zone (4A), the required C-factor for
Underground Wall is 1.140 (no U-value listed).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>If you go to Appendix A of 90.1-2004, specifically
sections A4.1 and Table A4.2, I *<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>think</span></b>*
that you come to the conclusion that the baseline underground walls should be
modeled as 8 inch medium weight concrete block with a density of 115 lb/ft3,
solid grouted cores, and NO INSULATION. This is what A4.1 says, and the
published C-factors in Table A4.2 indicate that a C-factor of 1.140 is obtained
using this wall and no framing / no insulation.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>If you then refer to Table A3.1C, for that wall type,
sure enough a C-factor of 1.140 is listed with a corresponding U-value of 0.58.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>When I run my baseline model with an underground wall
construction having a U-value of 0.58, I end up with way more cooling hours and
energy that my proposed model, which has R-13 insulation. This is
presumably because those underground spaces are constantly losing heat thru the
poor wall construction to the 55 degree earth heat sink (or whatever eQuest
calculates it as).<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>I’m not complaining, as it makes the proposed
system look that much more efficient, but I just wanted to double check that
I’m doing this right.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>On a side note, I’m having a tough time reducing
my unmet load hours for the underground VAV system, but that’s besides
the point…<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>Thanks!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><font size=2 color=teal
face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:teal;
font-weight:bold'>GHT Limited<br>
</span></font></b><b><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;
font-weight:bold'><ns0:PersonName w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><font color=black><span style='color:black'>James
Hansen</span></font></ns0:PersonName></span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black'>, PE, LEED AP<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black;
font-weight:bold'>Senior Associate</span></font><font color=black><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial'><ns0:Street w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><ns0:address w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><font color=black><span style='color:
black'>1010 N. Glebe Rd, Suite 200</span></font></ns0:address></ns0:Street></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial'><ns0:place w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><ns0:City w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><font color=black><span style='color:
black'>Arlington</span></font></ns0:City><font color=black><span
style='color:black'>, </span></font><ns0:State w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><font color=black><span style='color:
black'>VA</span></font></ns0:State><font color=black><span style='color:black'>
</span></font><ns0:PostalCode w:insAuthor="Unknown"
w:insDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z" w:endInsAuthor="Unknown"
w:endInsDate="2010-03-31T12:42:00Z"><font color=black><span style='color:
black'>22201-4749</span></font></ns0:PostalCode></ns0:place></span></font><font
color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=1 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>703-338-5754
(Cell)</span></font><font color=black><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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