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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>The Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre (AIVC – <a
href="http://www.aivc.org"><span style='color:#1F497D'>www.aivc.org</span></a>)
has published a number of documents regarding infiltration and ventilation
rates in buildings, though perhaps the most useful I have found is the:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>“</span><strong><span style='color:#1F497D;font-weight:
normal'>Ventilation Modelling Data Guide”, Orme & </span></strong><span
style='color:#1F497D'>Leksmono, 2002,<strong><span style='font-weight:normal'> </span></strong>ISBN
2 9600355 2 6 – This guide book GU5 according to the website, comes from
an update to the old technical document “<span class=important><i>Numerical
Data for Air Infiltration and Natural Ventilation Calculations” </i>which
I have used for a number of years when carrying out advanced modelling of
infiltration. I don’t have the update, but the original book I have
is still useful with infiltration rates given for a variety of materials and
constructions that may well be a good starting point for compiling a baseline.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=important><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=important><span style='color:#1F497D'>The BRE
have published a few things about infiltration and certainly post-construction
testing, as have BSRIA.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=important><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=important><span style='color:#1F497D'>Post-Construction
testing is the key to this working as Jon Evans rightly pointed out. It
isn’t much good assuming something then getting it built poorly.
This is a way of pulling up the performance of contractors and has a way of sifting
out the cowboys to some extent.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=important><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=important><span style='color:#1F497D'>The other
place that you might find useful information would be the International Journal
of Ventilation, where the editorial board reads like a who’s who of
ventilation research - http://www.ijovent.org.uk/index.html<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=important><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=important><span style='color:#1F497D'>Cheers<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=important><span style='color:#1F497D'>Paul<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=important><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<table class=MsoTableGrid border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
style='border-collapse:collapse;border:none'>
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<td width=216 rowspan=2 valign=top style='width:162.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=142 height=154 id="_x0000_i1036"
src="cid:image014.jpg@01CA2596.15A66930"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:158.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Dr Paul Carey<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>BSc (Hons) PhD FRSA<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Director<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Low Carbon Energy Assessor<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:157.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Zero Energy Design Ltd<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>10A Portland Place<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>2-22 Mottram Road<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Stalybridge<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>SK15 3AD<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:158.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>T: 0161 3386200<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>F: 0161 3031281<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>M: 0789 4098012<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:157.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>E: paul@zed-uk.com<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>W: www.zed-uk.com<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
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<td width=216 valign=top style='width:162.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=200 height=81 id="_x0000_i1035"
src="cid:image015.jpg@01CA2596.15A66930"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:158.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:157.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=216 valign=top style='width:162.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=110 height=88 id="_x0000_i1034"
src="cid:image016.jpg@01CA2596.15A66930"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Certificate No: GB16647</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:158.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=110 height=88 id="_x0000_i1033"
src="cid:image017.jpg@01CA2596.15A66930"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Certificate No: GB16646</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:157.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"MS Reference Sans Serif","sans-serif";
color:green'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"MS Reference Sans Serif","sans-serif";
color:green'>Please carefully consider the environment before you print this
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Company Registered in England & Wales. Registration
No. 5815068<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Registered Address: 10A Portland Place, 2-22 Mottram Road,
Stalybridge, SK15 3AD, UK.</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> </span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;
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<p class=MsoNormal><u><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
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style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=important><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Marcus Sheffer
[mailto:sheffer@energyopportunities.com] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> 25 August 2009 14:28<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Brenda V. Morawa'; 'Paul Carey'; 'Paul Grahovac';
bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>We are attempting to replicate the UK model for some school
projects we are working on. We established a goal of <0.4 cfm/sf
@0.3”wc (good practice under the UK system) and will require
post-construction testing. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>A good compendium of links on the subject can be found at - <a
href="http://www.infiltec.com/inf-larg.htm">http://www.infiltec.com/inf-larg.htm</a>
If anyone knows of other studies/resources it would be great to see
them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>So some data exists on building performance in this arena and
hopefully the Appendix G folks can come up with a reasonable baseline so we can
encourage more diligent construction practice toward this end.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Marcus Sheffer, Chair EA TAG<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>7group<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Brenda V. Morawa
[mailto:bren@bvm-engineering.com] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 24, 2009 5:18 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Paul Carey'; 'Paul Grahovac'; Marcus Sheffer;
bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I don’t think any of us disagree that there are
significant benefits to be had by having tighter buildings. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Part of the issue is the lack of a documented base line here in
the US. I’m not aware of any (enforced or otherwise) baseline that
is required and/or published. Does anyone else have that data?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Additionally, projects are not required, at this point in time,
to demonstrate or document air leakage rates after construction. So that
is typically leaving us with two variables in a model that are based on the modeler’s
best judgment. Understanding many things in the model are the
‘modelers best judgment’, at this point, we need more to go on.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> My unofficial two cents…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>The good thing about this is there’s always room for
improvement and there are a good many, very well intentioned volunteers working
on improving the system…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Brenda V. Morawa, PE, QCxP, HPBDP, LEED AP<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>President/Principal<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Co-Vice Chair, USGBC Implementation Committee<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><img border=0 width=120 height=69 id="_x0000_i1025"
src="cid:image001.jpg@01CA2593.9DBD0070" alt=BVMELogo3jpg><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>BVM Engineering, Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>834 Inman Village Parkway<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Suite 230<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Atlanta, Georgia 30307<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>404.806.2018 x 101<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>(c)404.210.6593<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Paul Carey [mailto:paul@zed-uk.com] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 24, 2009 4:47 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Brenda V. Morawa'; 'Paul Grahovac';
sheffer@energyopportunities.com; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Dear Paul, et al<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I have to agree with Paul’s comments on this one.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>We can and have to take account of infiltration reductions within
our UK building regulations calculations and indeed in certain circumstances
they can be the difference between different grades for the buildings when
thermal mass and other passive design techniques or super efficient HVAC
systems have been taken into account.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>At the design stage you “choose” an infiltration
rate that the design team is willing to take the risk on achieving and if not
you can use a default infiltration rate which equates to a reasonably well
built modern building (this obviously gets reviewed and reduced a little over
time to increase the requirements). The key to it being that in order for
the builder to obtain the building regulations and occupation certificates, the
actual measured air infiltration rates have to be put into the design
simulation model post build to ensure that what the design team has said will
be achieved, is actually achieved. In fact it is possibly at the moment
one of the most successful parts of our regulations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>This has 2 main benefits, it means that contractors have to
think about the quality of their build and good detailing from the start and
subsequently if they allow a poor building to be built that exceeds the minimum
standards or their chosen design value, they have to go and identify the air
leakage paths and bring the building up to that standard before they can get an
occupation certificate.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>When you consider that our default air leakage rate is 10m3/hr
and we see many large commercial warehousing projects (a good example where
composite panels are often used for air tight seals) that have leakage rates of
less than 2m3/hr.m2 it is possible to see that large benefits might be possible
in some instances. On a large warehouse with perhaps background heating
for the operatives, this reduction in infiltration can result in very large
reductions in energy use/carbon emissions for heating, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I am slightly surprised that a USGBC/ASHRAE baseline rate
doesn’t exist to allow benefits to be taken into account, especially when
it is possible to use the test results to enforce improvements to be made, in a
way it acts as both carrot and stick.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Paul<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
style='border-collapse:collapse'>
<tr>
<td width=216 rowspan=2 valign=top style='width:162.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=142 height=154 id="_x0000_i1026"
src="cid:image002.jpg@01CA2593.9DBD0070"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:158.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Dr Paul Carey<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>BSc (Hons) PhD FRSA<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Director<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Low Carbon Energy Assessor<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:157.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Zero Energy Design Ltd<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>10A Portland Place<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>2-22 Mottram Road<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Stalybridge<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>SK15 3AD<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:158.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>T: 0161 3386200<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>F: 0161 3031281<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>M: 0789 4098012<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:157.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>E: paul@zed-uk.com<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>W: www.zed-uk.com<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=216 valign=top style='width:162.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=200 height=81 id="Picture_x0020_2"
src="cid:image003.jpg@01CA2593.9DBD0070"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:158.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:157.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width=216 valign=top style='width:162.3pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=110 height=88 id="Picture_x0020_3"
src="cid:image004.jpg@01CA2593.9DBD0070"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Certificate No: GB16647<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:158.55pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=110 height=88 id="Picture_x0020_4"
src="cid:image005.jpg@01CA2593.9DBD0070"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Certificate No: GB16646<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width=211 valign=top style='width:157.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt'>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"MS Reference Sans Serif","sans-serif";
color:green'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"MS Reference Sans Serif","sans-serif";
color:green'>Please carefully consider the environment before you print this
email.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"MS Reference Sans Serif","sans-serif";
color:green'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Company Registered in England & Wales. Registration
No. 5815068<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Registered Address: 10A Portland Place, 2-22 Mottram Road,
Stalybridge, SK15 3AD, UK.</span><span lang=EN-US style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><u><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org
[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Brenda V.
Morawa<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 24 August 2009 15:11<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Paul Grahovac'; sheffer@energyopportunities.com;
bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Paul,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Perhaps you should volunteer YOUR time on the ASHRAE 90.1
committee.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Brenda V. Morawa, PE, QCxP, HPBDP, LEED AP<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>President/Principal<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Co-Vice Chair, USGBC Implementation Committee<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><img border=0 width=120 height=69 id="_x0000_i1030"
src="cid:image001.jpg@01CA2593.9DBD0070" alt=BVMELogo3jpg><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>BVM Engineering, Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>834 Inman Village Parkway<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Suite 230<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Atlanta, Georgia 30307<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>404.806.2018 x 101<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>(c)404.210.6593<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Paul Grahovac
[mailto:paul.grahovac@prosoco.com] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 24, 2009 10:09 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Brenda V. Morawa; sheffer@energyopportunities.com; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>My understanding is that one of the co-founders of the Air
Barrier Association of America is actively involved with the committee, and I
have an e-mail from him confirming that reduction in air leakage can be modeled
and the energy savings used in the award of LEED points.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>However, given the contrary position I am hearing, I am
beginning to become concerned that some approach other than begging ASHRAE and
USGBC to be reasonable needs to be considered.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Paul Grahovac, LEED AP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Brenda V. Morawa
[mailto:bren@bvm-engineering.com] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 24, 2009 9:01 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Paul Grahovac; sheffer@energyopportunities.com;
bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Paul,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Perhaps you should volunteer your time on the ASHRAE 90.1
committee.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Brenda V. Morawa, PE, QCxP, HPBDP, LEED AP<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>President/Principal<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Co-Vice Chair, USGBC Implementation Committee<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><img border=0 width=120 height=69 id="Picture_x0020_1"
src="cid:image001.jpg@01CA2593.9DBD0070" alt=BVMELogo3jpg><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:6.0pt'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>BVM Engineering, Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>834 Inman Village Parkway<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Suite 230<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Atlanta, Georgia 30307<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>404.806.2018 x 101<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>(c)404.210.6593<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org
[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul
Grahovac<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 24, 2009 9:55 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> sheffer@energyopportunities.com; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I am sure there is just as much baseline for air leakage
reduction benefit as there is for the concrete walls and wooden studs that the
User’s Manual says can be modeled and their energy savings captured for
inclusion in the overall modeling results.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I cannot accept that the USGBC and ASHRAE can arbitrarily say
reduction in air leakage will not be considered, but that increases in thermal
mass energy-savings from using concrete walls or energy benefits from using
wooden studs will be used to compute building energy performance. This
obviously rewards concrete block producers and wood stud suppliers and
penalizes air barrier suppliers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I’m reminded of Lord Acton’s famous
observation: “Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts
absolutely.” Fortunately, even the power of organizations like
ASHRAE and USGBC are subject to some ultimate check. Such organizations
are prohibited by law from arbitrary practices that favor one group over
another. Below are excerpts from the leading United States Supreme Court
case on the subject. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Paul Grahovac, LEED AP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>American Society
of Mechanical Engineers. Inc. v. Hydrolevel Corporation, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>456 U.S. 556, 102
S.Ct. 1935, 72 L.Ed.2d. 330<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>(1982), Supreme
Court Justice Blackmun, writing for the majority:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>“Furthermore,
a standard setting organization like ASME can be rife with<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>opportunities for
anti competitive activity. Many of ASME's officials are<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>associated with
members of the industries regulated by ASME's codes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>Although,
undoubtedly, most serve ASME without concern for the interests of<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>their corporate
employers, some may well view their positions with ASME, at<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>least in part, as
an opportunity to benefit their employers. When the great<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>influence of
ASME's reputation is placed at their disposal, the less altruistic of<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>ASME's agents have
an opportunity to harm their employers' competitors<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>through
manipulation of ASME's codes.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ID..,
</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>at 571, 102 S.Ct., at 1946.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>In American
Society of Mechanical Engineers, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed a jury<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>verdict that
awarded treble damages to the company that was injured by certain members of
the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>trade organization
that had manipulated the trade organization and its role in the industry </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>to </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>set<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>standards designed
to enrich those members' corporation and diminish the ability of its<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>competitors to
fairly compete in the marketplace. In deciding to hold the trade organization<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>responsible for
the actions of its members, the Court explained:</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>“It
</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>is true that imposing
liability on ASME's agents themselves will have some<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>deterrent effect, because
they will know that if they violate antitrust laws through<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>their
participation in ASME, they risk the consequences of personal civil liability.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>But if, in
addition, ASME is civilly liable for the antitrust violations of its agents<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>acting with apparent
authority, it is much more likely that similar antitrust<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>violation will not
occur in the future. "Pressure will be brought on the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>organization to
see to it that its agents abide by the law." United States v. A&P<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>Trucking Co., 358
U.S. 121, 126, 79 S.Ct. 203, 207, 3 L.Ed.2d 165 (1958). Only<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>ASME can take
systematic steps to make improper conduct on the part of all its<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>agents unlikely,
and the possibility of civil liability will inevitably be a powerful<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>incentive for ASME
to take those steps. Thus, a rule that imposes liability on the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>standard setting
organization- which is best situated to prevent antitrust violations<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>through the abuse
of its reputation-is most faithful to the congressional intent that<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>the private right
of action deters antitrust violations.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.5pt'>14:., </span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.5pt'>at 572-573, 102 S.Ct., at 1946.</span><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span lang=EN-US>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Marcus Sheffer
[mailto:sheffer@energyopportunities.com] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 24, 2009 8:22 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Paul Grahovac; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>As I understand it the issue is that the 90.1 Standard does not
establish a base line condition for air leakage so no savings can be
claimed. I certainly agree that the savings are real and should be
counted. I know that the Appendix G committee has this issue on their
extensive “to do” list.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Marcus Sheffer, Chair – USGBC EA TAG<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>7group<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org
[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul
Grahovac<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 19, 2009 7:00 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) did an
extensive study documenting a greater than 40% natural gas savings and a
greater than 25% electricity savings across the nation for building energy
consumption if buildings were uniformly constructed with air barrier systems
installed. They evaluated 116 existing buildings and computer modeled
several different building types. The purpose of their study was to
provide information to ASHRAE concerning whether it would be desirable to add
an air barrier requirement to ASHRAE 90.1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>As a result, I’ve always thought that Appendix G to ASHRAE
90.1 allows you to change the air leakage rate off the default and onto a rate
corresponding to an air barrier installation, so that you could claim LEED
points for the corresponding energy savings. However, an architect at a
presentation I did said you could not do that under the LEED and ASHRAE
requirements. (I know the models will do it, because I’ve done it
on the TRANE model and obtained results that support the NIST findings.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>I see in Appendix G that: “G3.1.2.5. <b>Ventilation</b>.
Minimum <i>outdoor air</i> ventilation rates shall be the same for the <i>proposed</i>
and <i>baseline building designs</i>.” However, I searched the
document for “outdoor air ventilation” and the phrase occurs only
in the context of mechanical systems that are designed to intentionally bring
air into the building. If this section is the basis for concluding that
air leakage barriers should be left out of the modeling, then I have trouble
understanding why.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Appendix
G says that all components of the building are to be modeled as designed.
That would preclude modeling as if an air barrier system did not exist in the
design. It says the baseline building model is to have steel-framed
above-grade walls, and it is silent about the design building, but the
User’s Manual says that if the design building walls are block or cast
concrete, then “the mass is credited in the building performance rating
method.” Likewise, if the walls are wood stud instead of steel,
then the Manual says credit is given for the superior energy performance of
wood frame versus steel frame. The User’s Manual states that
it: “</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'>Offers information on the intent and application of
Standard 90.1.”</span><span lang=EN-US> </span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Given
these examples in the Manual based on existing thermal mass energy-saving data
and wood-versus-steel stud energy data, it is difficult to conclude that a wall
that is constructed with materials meeting the air leakage limits and
installation requirements of the Air Barrier Association of America and
determined to produce significant energy savings by the NIST study based on
those same limits and requirements should be modeled as if it leaked air like a
building without an air barrier. </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Please let me know what you think, and if you know of any reason
why it is not proper to change the air leakage rate through the building
envelope in the design model to show the benefit of air barriers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Paul
Grahovac, LEED AP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>R-GUARD
Air & Water-Resistive Barrier Product Manager<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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