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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:31.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Recent posts to this
listserv show that air leakage reduction is successfully modeled in the UK.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:31.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>“The LEED point
system drives designers to reduce the HVAC system down to the optimal level.”
US Green Building Council LEED training, May 27, 2004, Dallas, Texas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:31.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Melding the data from
across the US, air barriers would reduce building natural gas consumption by
greater than 40% and electrical consumption by greater than 25%. National
Institute of Standards and Technology, “<i><span style='color:black'>Investigation
of the Impact of Commercial Building Envelope Airtightness on HVAC Energy Use, </span></i><span
style='color:black'>NISTIR 7238.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:31.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Air
barriers, if modeled under LEED, would reduce HVAC construction costs.</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:31.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>5.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>“There are
barriers to implementation of radiant systems in North America. One is that <u>engineering
fees are based on a percentage of the mechanical and electrical construction
budget. The lower the cost of these systems, the lower the engineer’s fee</u>.”
<em><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Geoff
McDonell, P.E., senior mechanical engineer in the Burnaby, British Columbia,
office of Earth Tech’s Global Facilities and Infrastructure division.</span></em><span
style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:31.5pt'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><a
href="http://www.facilitiesnet.com/hvac/article/Windows-Pave-Way-For-HVAC-Innovation--1476">http://www.facilitiesnet.com/hvac/article/Windows-Pave-Way-For-HVAC-Innovation--1476</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:31.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>6.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ASHRAE engineers have
a financial incentive not to allow air leakage reduction to enter into LEED
point calculations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='margin-left:31.5pt;text-indent:-.25in;
mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>7.<span
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>A change proposal to
allow modeling of air leakage reduction has been pending with the ASHRAE 90.1
simulation group for five months without any action – and without any hope
of action in the future.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:.25in'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Paul Grahovac, LEED AP <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org
[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>David S
Eldridge<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 24, 2009 1:49 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1
(Return of a Hornet's Nest?)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>First, I feel that the statement
that EAC1 methodology “penalizes air barrier suppliers” and
“rewards concrete block producers” is completely off-base.
These are not either/or technologies. There are many other factors going
into the selection of these items besides energy performance. If there is
real energy and maintenance savings justification as an investment, then owners
will consider it even without contributing to EAC1. LEED covers many
things, but it isn’t an exhaustive manual of sustainability. As
well, the LEED process, although growing, still covers only a small fraction of
new building projects, regarding Appendix G applicability. This is an
energy modeling forum, so let’s focus on the Appendix G part of the
discussion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Specifically for 90.1 energy
performance, it isn’t a matter of arbitrarily accepting one or the other
– we as an energy modeling community have many years of experience and
research involved in accurately modeling the heat transfer in envelope
components. The capability of various modeling techniques have been demonstrated
to be capable of relatively accurate modeling of the differences between
thermal mass and insulation levels for many years, therefore these calculations
are included in the standard as a path of calculating energy usage and savings
between alternatives.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>The modeling software are
generally able to predict what would happen <u>due to a given change in level
of infiltration</u>. The modeling improvements need to be made in the
area of showing that the calculations are accurate in determining those levels,
rather than using a specified reduction. Does the software available have
the needed parameters to model a product such as yours? On a case-by-case
basis you may be able to show that you know all of the needed parameters to
make these calculations. I’m not sure if you could apply these to
all projects, and all software packages though. For instance, do you feel
that your product has different effectiveness than other brands? How
would someone capture these differences in efficiency in eQuest or EnergyPlus?
Would it be okay with the USGBC to propose a straight percentage
reduction? What’s the starting point for the base case? How
much variability is there in the construction process?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Your input would be welcomed if
you offer some expertise in these areas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>You mention a study that shows
benefits in many cases for 116 buildings (and common sense would agree with
this). Some focus should be on educating designers to use the strategy
and contractors on proper installation, regardless of the “points”
that are achieved, and under what conditions the strategy would be most
effective.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>Just my $0.02. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'>David<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:black'>____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:gray'>David Eldridge, PE<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:gray'>LEED® AP, HBDP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:black'><br>
</span><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:#365F91'>Grumman/Butkus Associates</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:gray'> | </span><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#8DB3E2'>820 Davis Street, STE
300 | Evanston, IL 60201 | Ph: (847) 328-3555, ext 224 | Fax: (847) 328-4550</span><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:gray'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:gray'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:gray'>Energy Consultants and Design Engineers</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'><br>
</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";
color:black'>____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style='border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt'>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org
[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul
Grahovac<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 24, 2009 8:55 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> sheffer@energyopportunities.com; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I am sure there is just as much baseline for air leakage
reduction benefit as there is for the concrete walls and wooden studs that the
User’s Manual says can be modeled and their energy savings captured for
inclusion in the overall modeling results.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I cannot accept that the USGBC and ASHRAE can arbitrarily say
reduction in air leakage will not be considered, but that increases in thermal
mass energy-savings from using concrete walls or energy benefits from using
wooden studs will be used to compute building energy performance. This
obviously rewards concrete block producers and wood stud suppliers and
penalizes air barrier suppliers. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I’m reminded of Lord Acton’s famous observation:
“Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”
Fortunately, even the power of organizations like ASHRAE and USGBC are subject
to some ultimate check. Such organizations are prohibited by law from
arbitrary practices that favor one group over another. Below are excerpts
from the leading United States Supreme Court case on the subject. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Paul Grahovac, LEED AP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>American Society of
Mechanical Engineers. Inc. v. Hydrolevel Corporation, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>456 U.S. 556, 102 S.Ct. 1935,
72 L.Ed.2d. 330<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>(1982), Supreme Court Justice
Blackmun, writing for the majority:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>“Furthermore, a
standard setting organization like ASME can be rife with<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>opportunities for anti
competitive activity. Many of ASME's officials are<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>associated with members of
the industries regulated by ASME's codes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>Although, undoubtedly, most
serve ASME without concern for the interests of<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>their corporate employers,
some may well view their positions with ASME, at<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>least in part, as an
opportunity to benefit their employers. When the great<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>influence of ASME's
reputation is placed at their disposal, the less altruistic of<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>ASME's agents have an
opportunity to harm their employers' competitors<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>through manipulation of
ASME's codes.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>ID.., </span><span
style='font-size:11.5pt'>at 571, 102 S.Ct., at 1946.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>In American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, the U.S. Supreme Court affirmed a jury<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>verdict that awarded treble
damages to the company that was injured by certain members of the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>trade organization that had
manipulated the trade organization and its role in the industry </span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>to </span><span
style='font-size:11.5pt'>set<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>standards designed to enrich
those members' corporation and diminish the ability of its<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>competitors to fairly compete
in the marketplace. In deciding to hold the trade organization<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>responsible for the actions
of its members, the Court explained:</span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>“It
</span><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>is true that imposing liability on ASME's
agents themselves will have some<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>deterrent effect, because
they will know that if they violate antitrust laws through<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>their participation in ASME,
they risk the consequences of personal civil liability.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>But if, in addition, ASME is
civilly liable for the antitrust violations of its agents<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>acting with apparent
authority, it is much more likely that similar antitrust<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>violation will not occur in
the future. "Pressure will be brought on the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>organization to see to it that
its agents abide by the law." United States v. A&P<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>Trucking Co., 358 U.S. 121,
126, 79 S.Ct. 203, 207, 3 L.Ed.2d 165 (1958). Only<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>ASME can take systematic
steps to make improper conduct on the part of all its<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>agents unlikely, and the
possibility of civil liability will inevitably be a powerful<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>incentive for ASME to take
those steps. Thus, a rule that imposes liability on the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>standard setting
organization- which is best situated to prevent antitrust violations<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>through the abuse of its
reputation-is most faithful to the congressional intent that<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>the private right of action
deters antitrust violations.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.5pt'>14:., </span><span
style='font-size:11.5pt'>at 572-573, 102 S.Ct., at 1946.</span><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Marcus Sheffer
[mailto:sheffer@energyopportunities.com] <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, August 24, 2009 8:22 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Paul Grahovac; bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> RE: [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>As I understand it the issue is that the 90.1 Standard does not
establish a base line condition for air leakage so no savings can be
claimed. I certainly agree that the savings are real and should be
counted. I know that the Appendix G committee has this issue on their
extensive “to do” list.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Marcus Sheffer, Chair – USGBC EA TAG<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>7group<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org [mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Paul Grahovac<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 19, 2009 7:00 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Bldg-sim] Air leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) did an
extensive study documenting a greater than 40% natural gas savings and a
greater than 25% electricity savings across the nation for building energy
consumption if buildings were uniformly constructed with air barrier systems
installed. They evaluated 116 existing buildings and computer modeled
several different building types. The purpose of their study was to
provide information to ASHRAE concerning whether it would be desirable to add
an air barrier requirement to ASHRAE 90.1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>As a result, I’ve always thought that Appendix G to ASHRAE
90.1 allows you to change the air leakage rate off the default and onto a rate
corresponding to an air barrier installation, so that you could claim LEED points
for the corresponding energy savings. However, an architect at a
presentation I did said you could not do that under the LEED and ASHRAE
requirements. (I know the models will do it, because I’ve done it
on the TRANE model and obtained results that support the NIST findings.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>I see in Appendix G that: “G3.1.2.5. <b>Ventilation</b>.
Minimum <i>outdoor air</i> ventilation rates shall be the same for the <i>proposed</i>
and <i>baseline building designs</i>.” However, I searched the
document for “outdoor air ventilation” and the phrase occurs only
in the context of mechanical systems that are designed to intentionally bring
air into the building. If this section is the basis for concluding that
air leakage barriers should be left out of the modeling, then I have trouble understanding
why.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Appendix G says that all
components of the building are to be modeled as designed. That would
preclude modeling as if an air barrier system did not exist in the
design. It says the baseline building model is to have steel-framed
above-grade walls, and it is silent about the design building, but the
User’s Manual says that if the design building walls are block or cast
concrete, then “the mass is credited in the building performance rating
method.” Likewise, if the walls are wood stud instead of steel,
then the Manual says credit is given for the superior energy performance of
wood frame versus steel frame. The User’s Manual states that
it: “</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Offers
information on the intent and application of Standard 90.1.”</span>
<span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Given
these examples in the Manual based on existing thermal mass energy-saving data
and wood-versus-steel stud energy data, it is difficult to conclude that a wall
that is constructed with materials meeting the air leakage limits and
installation requirements of the Air Barrier Association of America and
determined to produce significant energy savings by the NIST study based on
those same limits and requirements should be modeled as if it leaked air like a
building without an air barrier. </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Please let me know what you think, and if you know of any reason
why it is not proper to change the air leakage rate through the building
envelope in the design model to show the benefit of air barriers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Paul Grahovac, LEED AP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>R-GUARD Air & Water-Resistive
Barrier Product Manager<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>PROSOCO, Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>3741 Greenway Circle<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Lawrence, Kansas 66046<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>(785) 830-7355<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>(888) 376-3417 fax<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><a
href="mailto:pgrahovac@prosoco.com">pgrahovac@prosoco.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>web site <a
href="http://www.prosoco.com/">http://www.prosoco.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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