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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>I am sure there is
just as much baseline for air leakage reduction benefit as there is for the
concrete walls and wooden studs that the User’s Manual says can be
modeled and their energy savings captured for inclusion in the overall modeling
results.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>I cannot accept that
the USGBC and ASHRAE can arbitrarily say reduction in air leakage will not be
considered, but that increases in thermal mass energy-savings from using
concrete walls or energy benefits from using wooden studs will be used to
compute building energy performance. This obviously rewards concrete
block producers and wood stud suppliers and penalizes air barrier
suppliers. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>I’m reminded
of Lord Acton’s famous observation: “Power corrupts, and
absolute power corrupts absolutely.” Fortunately, even the power of
organizations like ASHRAE and USGBC are subject to some ultimate check.
Such organizations are prohibited by law from arbitrary practices that favor
one group over another. Below are excerpts from the leading United States
Supreme Court case on the subject. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Paul Grahovac, LEED
AP<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Inc. v. Hydrolevel
Corporation, <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>456 U.S. 556, 102 S.Ct. 1935, 72 L.Ed.2d. 330<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>(1982), Supreme Court Justice Blackmun, writing for the majority:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>“Furthermore, a standard setting organization like ASME can be
rife with<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>opportunities for anti competitive activity. Many of ASME's officials
are<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>associated with members of the industries regulated by ASME's codes.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>Although, undoubtedly, most serve ASME without concern for the
interests of<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>their corporate employers, some may well view their positions with
ASME, at<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>least in part, as an opportunity to benefit their employers. When the
great<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>influence of ASME's reputation is placed at their disposal, the less
altruistic of<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>ASME's agents have an opportunity to harm their employers' competitors<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>through manipulation of ASME's codes.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>ID.., </span></font><font size=3><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>at 571, 102 S.Ct., at 1946.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>In American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the U.S. Supreme Court
affirmed a jury<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>verdict that awarded treble damages to the company that was injured by
certain members of the<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>trade organization that had manipulated the trade organization and its
role in the industry </span></font><font size=2 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Arial'>to </span></font><font size=3><span
style='font-size:11.5pt'>set<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>standards designed to enrich those members' corporation and diminish
the ability of its<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>competitors to fairly compete in the marketplace. In deciding to hold
the trade organization<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>responsible for the actions of its members, the Court explained:</span></font><font
size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.5pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Arial><span style='font-size:11.5pt;
font-family:Arial'>“It </span></font><font size=3><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>is true that imposing liability on ASME's agents themselves will have
some<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>deterrent effect, because they will know that if they violate antitrust
laws through<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>their participation in ASME, they risk the consequences of personal
civil liability.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>But if, in addition, ASME is civilly liable for the antitrust
violations of its agents<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>acting with apparent authority, it is much more likely that similar
antitrust<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>violation will not occur in the future. "Pressure will be brought
on the<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>organization to see to it that its agents abide by the law."
United States v. A&P<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>Trucking Co., 358 U.S. 121, 126, 79 S.Ct. 203, 207, 3 L.Ed.2d 165
(1958). Only<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>ASME can take systematic steps to make improper conduct on the part of
all its<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>agents unlikely, and the possibility of civil liability will inevitably
be a powerful<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>incentive for ASME to take those steps. Thus, a rule that imposes
liability on the<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>standard setting organization- which is best situated to prevent
antitrust violations<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>through the abuse of its reputation-is most faithful to the
congressional intent that<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
11.5pt'>the private right of action deters antitrust violations.”<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.5pt'>14:., </span></font><font size=3><span style='font-size:11.5pt'>at
572-573, 102 S.Ct., at 1946.</span></font><font size=2 color="#1f497d"
face=Calibri><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Marcus Sheffer
[mailto:sheffer@energyopportunities.com] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Monday, August 24, 2009 8:22
AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Paul Grahovac;
bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> RE: [Bldg-sim] Air
leakage, LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>As I understand it
the issue is that the 90.1 Standard does not establish a base line condition
for air leakage so no savings can be claimed. I certainly agree that the
savings are real and should be counted. I know that the Appendix G committee
has this issue on their extensive “to do” list.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>Marcus Sheffer,
Chair – USGBC EA TAG<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'>7group<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#1f497d" face=Calibri><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri;color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org
[mailto:bldg-sim-bounces@lists.onebuilding.org] <b><span style='font-weight:
bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Paul Grahovac<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, August 19, 2009
7:00 PM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> bldg-sim@lists.onebuilding.org<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [Bldg-sim] Air leakage,
LEED, and Appendix G of ASHRAE 90.1<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>The National Institute of Standards and
Technology (NIST) did an extensive study documenting a greater than 40% natural
gas savings and a greater than 25% electricity savings across the nation for
building energy consumption if buildings were uniformly constructed with air
barrier systems installed. They evaluated 116 existing buildings and
computer modeled several different building types. The purpose of their
study was to provide information to ASHRAE concerning whether it would be
desirable to add an air barrier requirement to ASHRAE 90.1.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>As a result, I’ve always thought
that Appendix G to ASHRAE 90.1 allows you to change the air leakage rate off
the default and onto a rate corresponding to an air barrier installation, so
that you could claim LEED points for the corresponding energy savings.
However, an architect at a presentation I did said you could not do that under
the LEED and ASHRAE requirements. (I know the models will do it, because
I’ve done it on the TRANE model and obtained results that support the
NIST findings.)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>I see in Appendix G that:
“G3.1.2.5. <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Ventilation</span></b>.
Minimum <i><span style='font-style:italic'>outdoor air</span></i>
ventilation rates shall be the same for the <i><span style='font-style:italic'>proposed</span></i>
and <i><span style='font-style:italic'>baseline building designs</span></i>.”
However, I searched the document for “outdoor air ventilation” and
the phrase occurs only in the context of mechanical systems that are designed
to intentionally bring air into the building. If this section is the
basis for concluding that air leakage barriers should be left out of the
modeling, then I have trouble understanding why.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Appendix
G says that all components of the building are to be modeled as designed.
That would preclude modeling as if an air barrier system did not exist in the
design. It says the baseline building model is to have steel-framed
above-grade walls, and it is silent about the design building, but the
User’s Manual says that if the design building walls are block or cast
concrete, then “the mass is credited in the building performance rating
method.” Likewise, if the walls are wood stud instead of steel,
then the Manual says credit is given for the superior energy performance of
wood frame versus steel frame. The User’s Manual states that
it: “</span></font><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Offers information on the intent and application of
Standard 90.1.”</span></font> <font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Given these examples in
the Manual based on existing thermal mass energy-saving data and
wood-versus-steel stud energy data, it is difficult to conclude that a wall
that is constructed with materials meeting the air leakage limits and
installation requirements of the Air Barrier Association of America and
determined to produce significant energy savings by the NIST study based on
those same limits and requirements should be modeled as if it leaked air like a
building without an air barrier. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Please let me know what you think, and if
you know of any reason why it is not proper to change the air leakage rate
through the building envelope in the design model to show the benefit of air
barriers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Paul
Grahovac, LEED AP<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>R-GUARD
Air & Water-Resistive Barrier Product Manager<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>PROSOCO,
Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>3741
Greenway Circle<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Lawrence,
Kansas 66046<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>(785)
830-7355<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>(888)
376-3417 fax<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><a
href="mailto:pgrahovac@prosoco.com">pgrahovac@prosoco.com</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-autospace:none'><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>web
site <a href="http://www.prosoco.com/">http://www.prosoco.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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