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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>eQUEST (or DOE-2.2) freeware can handle windows
that include<BR>one bind layer (outside, between glass or inside) that is
either<BR>louvers blinds or a pull-down shade. These blinds interact
with the</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>hourly thermal as well as daylighting calculation;
included is the</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>effect of the slat angle on an hourly basis.
You could test this</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>model using a simple test zone with a window to
decide for</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>yourself </FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2>if the
approach used is adquate to answer your</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>performance questions. Like all modeling
programs, many</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>simplifications are used; you can consult the
complete documentation</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>to get a better idea of how the calculation is
performed and which</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>effects are tracked at the level of detail you
require.<BR><BR>At this time there is a limit of defining up to only 40
windows,<BR>in a building model, that are layer-by-layer specified (but
a<BR>total of 8192 windows of all types, such as window5
library<BR>imported glazing)<BR><BR>Below are some relevant pages from
the DOE-2 Dictionary<BR>with some information on specifying windows
layer-by-layer to<BR>use the hourly window4/therm detail calculation within
DOE-2<BR>(yes, it uses an older single band window4 based hourly calc<BR>rather
than multi-band window5 style hourly calc - EnergyPlus,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>I believe, uses a Window5 based hourly calc - check
its</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>documentation to be sure - but I do not recall if
it has the</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>same type of blind capability, probably does or
will soon )<BR></FONT><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>---<BR>Jeff
Hirsch<BR>James J. Hirsch & Associates<BR>Building Performance Analysis
Software & Consulting<BR>12185 Presilla Road<BR>Camarillo, CA 93012-9243
USA<BR>phone: (805) 553-9000<BR>fax: (805) 532-2401<BR>email: <A
href="mailto:Jeff.Hirsch@DOE2.com">Jeff.Hirsch@DOE2.com</A> <BR>web: <A
href="http://DOE2.com">http://DOE2.com</A> </FONT><BR><BR><FONT face=Arial
size=2>From the DOE-2.2 Dictionary (Vol 2 of 6) Full set<BR>can be downloaded
from <A href="http://DOE2.com/DOE2">http://DOE2.com/DOE2</A>
<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 6pt 0in 3pt"><A name=_Toc85281931><FONT face=Arial
size=2><U>Describing a Window Using Layers</U></FONT></A></H3>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>A
window can be described layer by layer using the following WINDOW-LAYERS
keyword.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'">Example
input</SPAN><FONT face=Arial><SPAN
style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'">:</SPAN><SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>A window consists of a layer of glass
named GLASS-1, a gap named GAP-1 and a blind named BLIND-1.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=DOE-2Input style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt 0.75in"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>GLASS-1 = WINDOW-LAYER ....</FONT></P>
<P class=DOE-2Input style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt 0.75in"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>GAP-1<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>= WINDOW-LAYER
....</FONT></P>
<P class=DOE-2Input style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt 0.75in"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>BLIND-1 = WINDOW-LAYER ....</FONT></P>
<P class=DOE-2Input style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt 0.75in"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>WIN-1<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>=<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>WINDOW<BR>WIN-SPEC-METHOD<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>= LAYERS-INPUT
<BR>WINDOW-LAYERS<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>= (GLASS-1, GAP-1, BLIND-1) <BR>....</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>WINDOW-LAYERS
keyword</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>Takes
a list of up to nine U-names of WINDOW-LAYER commands or of window layers from
the Library. This is a required keyword when WIN-SPEC-METHOD=LAYERS-INPUT. A
U-name corresponds to a glass layer, a gap layer or a blind layer (see
WINDOW-LAYER command). <SPAN
style="mso-field-code: ' REF _Ref490649288 h '">Figure <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">25</SPAN></SPAN> shows examples of layered windows for
single- and double-glazed windows. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>Glass
layers in the Library are shown in "Glass Layer Library," in the DOE-2.2 <SPAN
style="mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'">Libraries & Reports</SPAN>. Gap
layers in the library are shown in <SPAN
style="mso-field-code: ' REF _Ref490650078 h '">Table <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">31</SPAN></SPAN>. Blind layers in the library are
shown in <SPAN style="mso-field-code: ' REF _Ref490650088 h '">Table <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">32</SPAN></SPAN>. Pull-down shade layers (pull-down
shades modeled as closed blinds) in the library are shown in <SPAN
style="mso-field-code: ' REF _Ref490650100 h '">Table <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">33</SPAN></SPAN>.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Notes:</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Geneva; mso-fareast-font-family: Geneva; mso-bidi-font-family: Geneva"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>The layers are entered from outside to inside.
</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Geneva; mso-fareast-font-family: Geneva; mso-bidi-font-family: Geneva"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>There can be up to five solid (i.e., glass or blind)
layers. </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Geneva; mso-fareast-font-family: Geneva; mso-bidi-font-family: Geneva"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>There can be at most one blind layer.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Geneva; mso-fareast-font-family: Geneva; mso-bidi-font-family: Geneva"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>If there is a blind layer there must also be one or more
glass layers; i.e., a layered window consisting only of a blind is not
allowed.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Geneva; mso-fareast-font-family: Geneva; mso-bidi-font-family: Geneva"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>Adjacent solid layers are not allowed; i.e., solid layers
must be separated by one, and only one, gap layer.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Geneva; mso-fareast-font-family: Geneva; mso-bidi-font-family: Geneva"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>Adjacent gap layers are not allowed; i.e., gap layers must
be separated by one, and only one, solid layer.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Geneva; mso-fareast-font-family: Geneva; mso-bidi-font-family: Geneva"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>A blind layer can be the first layer (exterior blind), the
last layer (interior blind), or an intermediate layer (between-glass
blind).</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Geneva; mso-fareast-font-family: Geneva; mso-bidi-font-family: Geneva"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>The gas in the gap on the inside of an exterior blind or
the outside of an interior blind must be air.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 8pt; FONT-FAMILY: Geneva; mso-fareast-font-family: Geneva; mso-bidi-font-family: Geneva"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore">·<SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">
</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>The gaps on either side of a between-glass blind must have
the same gas (but this gas does not need to be air).</FONT></FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 6pt 0in 3pt"><A name=_Toc85281935><FONT face=Arial
size=2><U>Window Blind Control</U></FONT></A></H3>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
following keywords are used to control slat-type window blinds. They apply only
if WIN-SPEC-METHOD=LAYERS-INPUT and one of the layers is a blind. See
WINDOW-LAYERS keyword, above, and WINDOW-LAYER command.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>BLIND-ADJ-TYPE</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>Takes
a code-word that indicates how the blind coverage (the fraction of the window
covered by a blind) is adjusted if a blind is present.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2> <STRONG>NONE</STRONG><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>There is no adjustment; the blind coverage is fixed at the value of
BLIND-COVER in the blind's WINDOW-LAYER command. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2> <STRONG>SCHEDULE</STRONG><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The blind coverage varies according to a user-defined schedule given by
BLIND-SCHEDULE.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2> <STRONG>SOLAR-INTENSITY</STRONG><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>If the direct plus diffuse solar radiation incident on the window exceeds
the value given by BLIND-TRIGG-SCH, the blind coverage is set to the value of
BLIND-COVER-MAX in the blind's WINDOW-LAYER command. Otherwise, the blind
coverage stays at BLIND-COVER.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2> <STRONG>ROOM-TEMP</STRONG><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>If the room temperature at the beginning of the hour exceeds the value
given by BLIND-TRIGG-SCH, the blind coverage is set to the value of
BLIND-COVER-MAX in the blind's WINDOW-LAYER command. Otherwise, the blind
coverage stays at BLIND-COVER. [FOR FUTURE IMPLEMENTAITON]<SPAN
style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>BLIND-SCHEDULE</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>Takes
the U-name of a schedule that adjusts the blind coverage between the values of
BLIND-COVER-MIN and BLIND-COVER-MAX in the blind's WINDOW-LAYER command. This
schedule is used only if BLIND-ADJ-TYPE = SCHEDULE. It should have TYPE =
FRACTION. A schedule value of f , which should be between 0.0 and 1.0, gives
</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>blind coverage = f * [BLIND-COVER-MAX] + (1-f) *
[BLIND-COVER-MIN]</FONT></FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>BLIND-TRIGG-SCH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>Takes
the U-name of a schedule of solar intensity values (if BLIND-ADJ-TYPE =
SOLAR-INTENSITY) or room temperature values (if BLIND-ADJ-TYPE = ROOM-TEMP) that
are used to adjust blind coverage. For solar intensity, the schedule should have
TYPE = RADIATION and the schedule value should be the sum of direct plus diffuse
solar radiation incident on the window (after shading by overhangs and other
obstructions) per unit window area (Btuh/ft2 or W/m2). For room temperature, the
schedule should have TYPE = TEMPERATURE and the schedule value should be in °F
or °C. </FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>SLAT-ADJ-TYPE</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>Takes
a code-word indicating how the slat angle is adjusted if a blind is
present.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>NONE<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>There is no adjustment; the slat angle is fixed at the value of
SLAT-ANGLE in the blind's WINDOW-LAYER command.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>SCHEDULE<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>The slat angle varies according to a user-defined schedule given by
SLAT-SCHEDULE, below.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>SOLAR-INTENSITY<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>If the direct plus diffuse solar radiation incident on the window exceeds
the value given by SLAT-TRIGG-SCH, then:</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
slat angle is adjusted to a value that just blocks direct sun if the sun is in
front of the window and SLAT-SEPARATION is less than or equal to SLAT-WIDTH (the
usual case).°F</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>If the
sun is in front of the window but SLAT-SEPARATION is greater than SLAT-WIDTH,
then the sun cannot be fully blocked and the slat angle is set to 90o, which
maximizes blockage.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>If the
sun is in back of the window, the slat angle is set to SLAT-ANGLE.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
above adjustments are made even on overcast days when there is no direct
sun.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2>ROOM-TEMP<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>If the room temperature at the beginning of the hour exceeds the value
given by SLAT-TRIGG-SCH, then the slat angle is adjusted as described for
SOLAR-INTENSITY. [FOR FUTURE IMPLEMENTAITON]<SPAN
style="mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>SLAT-SCHEDULE</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>Takes
the U-name of a schedule that adjusts the slat angle to a fraction of
SLAT-ANGLE-MAX or SLAT-ANGLE-MIN. This schedule is used only if SLAT-ADJ-TYPE =
SCHEDULE. A schedule value of f gives </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>slat angle<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>= f<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </SPAN>* [SLAT-ANGLE-MAX], if f
> 0</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>slat angle<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>= f * [SLAT-ANGLE-MIN], if f < 0</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
schedule should have TYPE = FRACTION if only positive values of f are used, in
which case f should be between 0 and 1. If positive and negative values of f are
used than the schedule should have TYPE = EXP-FRACTION, in which case f should
be between -1 and 1.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>SLAT-TRIGG-SCH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>Takes
the U-name of a schedule of solar intensity values (if SLAT-ADJ-TYPE =
SOLAR-INTENSITY) or room temperature values (if SLAT-ADJ-TYPE = ROOM-TEMP) that
are used to adjust the slat angle. For solar intensity, the schedule should have
TYPE = RADIATION and the schedule value should be the sum of direct plus diffuse
solar radiation incident on the window (after shading by overhangs and other
obstructions) per unit window area (Btuh/h-ft2 or W/m2). For room temperature,
the schedule should have TYPE = TEMPERATURE and the schedule value should be a
temperature (°F or °C).</FONT></P>
<H2 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><A name=_Toc85281939><FONT face=Arial
size=2><U>WINDOW-LAYER COMMAND</U></FONT></A></H2>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>This
command, and the associated WINDOW-LAYERS keyword in the WINDOW command, are
used when you want to build up a window from layers, much as a wall can be built
up from layers. Three types of window layer are allowed: glass, gap and blind.
For example, a single-glazed window with no covering would have only a glass
layer. A double-glazed window would have three layers: two glass layers
separated by a gap of air or other gas. A single-glazed window with a blind
would also have three layers: a glass layer and a blind layer separated by a
gap. The WINDOW-LAYER command allows you to specify the type and properties of a
layer.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>U-name
is required. To specify the set of one or more layers that comprise a window,
you assign a list of WINDOW-LAYER U-names to the WINDOW-LAYERS keyword in the
WINDOW command.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
program calculates the overall thermal and solar-optical properties of a window
from the individual layer properties and the order of the layers in the window.
Accounted for are the layer-to-layer interreflection of solar, visible and IR
radiation and the dependence of transmittance, absorptance, and reflectance on
the angle of incidence of solar and visible radiation on the window. For blind
layers, the program accounts for the effect on transmittance of slat angle and
other slat properties.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN style="mso-field-code: ' REF _Ref490727785 h '">Table <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">37</SPAN></SPAN> shows all of the WINDOW-LAYER
keywords and their default values by layer type. </FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>In the
following:</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoListNumber
style="MARGIN: 0in 0.25in 12pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><FONT
face=Arial><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore"><SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>For a glass or
gap layer, "front" means the outside of the layer (the side facing outdoors).
For a horizontal blind in a vertical window, "front" means the side of the slat
that faces up when the blind is fully open. For vertical blinds in a vertical
window, "front" means the side of the slat that faces to the right when you look
at the blind from the outside of the window and the blind is fully
open.</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoListNumber
style="MARGIN: 0in 0.25in 12pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>For a glass or gap layer, "back" means the inside of a layer (the side
facing the room). For a blind layer, "back" means the side of the slat that
faces indoors when the slat points downwards (SLAT-ANGLE > 0).</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoListNumber
style="MARGIN: 0in 0.25in 12pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><FONT
face=Arial><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-fareast-font-family: Garamond"><SPAN
style="mso-list: Ignore"><SPAN
style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN>"Solar" means the
full spectrum of radiation from the sun</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoListNumber
style="MARGIN: 0in 0.25in 12pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>"Visible" means the visible part of radiation from the sun</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoListNumber
style="MARGIN: 0in 0.25in 12pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>"Beam" means direct radiation</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoListNumber
style="MARGIN: 0in 0.25in 12pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>"Hemispherical" means diffuse radiation</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>TYPE</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>Takes
a code-word indicating the type of layer.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>GLASS<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>is a layer of glass, plastic or other transparent material. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>GAP<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>is a layer of gas, usually air, but possibly argon or other gas, that
separates two glass layers or a glass layer and a blind layer.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>BLIND<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>is a slatted shading device such as a venetian blind. The slats may be
fixed or movable. A blind can be on the outside of the window, on the inside, or
between glass layers.</FONT></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 6pt 0in 3pt"><A name=_Toc85281940><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Solar radiation keywords</FONT></A></H3>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>TRANS-SOL-BB</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
glass or blind layer: Beam-beam transmittance at normal incidence of solar
radiation striking the front or back of a glass layer or slat in a blind layer.
Although TRANS-SOL-BB can be defined for a blind (in the rare case that the
slats are transparent or perforated), the program will calculate the transmitted
radiation as diffuse.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>TRANS-SOL-BH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Beam-hemispherical transmittance of solar radiation striking
the front or back of a slat at normal incidence. </FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>REFL-SOL-BH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Beam-hemispherical reflectance of solar radiation striking the
front of a slat at normal incidence.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>BACKREFL-SOL-BH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Beam-hemispherical reflectance of solar radiation striking the
back of a slat at normal incidence.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>TRANS-SOL-HH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Hemispherical-hemispherical transmittance of solar radiation
striking the front or back of a slat.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>REFL-SOL-HH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Hemispherical-hemispherical reflectance of solar radiation
striking the front of a slat.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>BACKREFL-SOL-HH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Hemispherical-hemispherical reflectance of solar radiation
striking the back of a slat.</FONT></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 6pt 0in 3pt"><A name=_Toc85281941><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Visible radiation keywords</FONT></A><FONT face=Arial
size=2> (blinds)</FONT></H3>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>TRANS-VIS-BH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Beam-hemispherical transmittance of visible radiation striking
the front or back of a slat at normal incidence.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>REFL-VIS-BH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Beam-hemispherical reflectance of visible radiation striking
the front of a slat at normal incidence.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>BACKREFL-VIS-BH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Beam-hemispherical reflectance of visible radiation striking
the back of a slat at normal incidence.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>TRANS-VIS-HH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Hemispherical-hemispherical transmittance of visible radiation
striking the front or back of a slat.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>REFL-VIS-HH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Hemispherical-hemispherical reflectance for visible radiation
striking the front of a slat.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>BACKREFL-VIS-HH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For
blind layer only: Hemispherical-hemispherical reflectance for visible radiation
striking the back of a slat.</FONT></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 6pt 0in 3pt"><A name=_Toc85281942><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Infrared radiation keywords (apply only to glass or blind
layers)</FONT></A></H3>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>TRANS-IR</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
infrared transmittance of a glass layer or slat in a blind layer. Assumed
independent of angle of incidence.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>EMIS-IR</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
hemispherical infrared emissivity of the front of a glass layer or the front of
a slat in a blind layer.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>BACKEMIS-IR</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
hemispherical infrared emissivity of the back of a glass layer or the back of a
slat in a blind layer.</FONT></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 6pt 0in 3pt"><A name=_Toc85281943><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Slat and blind keywords (apply only to blind layers)</FONT></A></H3>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>SLAT-ORIENTATION</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>Takes
a code-word that indicates the orientation of the slats in a blind
layer.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>HORIZONTAL<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>indicates that the slats are parallel to the X-axis of the window. For a
vertical window, the slats are horizontal (parallel to the ground).</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>VERTICAL<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>indicates that the slats are parallel to the Y-axis of the window. For a
vertical window, the slats are vertical (perpendicular to the
ground).</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>SLAT-ANGLE</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
angle between the plane of the slat and the window outward normal (see <SPAN
style="mso-field-code: ' REF _Ref490728600 h '">Figure <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">29</SPAN></SPAN>). For horizontal slats in a vertical
window, this is the angle between the slat and a horizontal plane; in this case
SLAT-ANGLE is positive when the front of the slat points down and negative when
the front of the slat points up. For vertical slats in a vertical window, this
is the angle between the front of the slat and vertical plane normal to the
window; in this case SLAT-ANGLE is positive when the front of the slat points to
the right and negative when the front of the slat points to the left when you
are facing the outside of the window.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>SLAT-ANGLE-MIN</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
minimum slat angle for angle-adjustable slats (due to limitations in the blind
construction or control).</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>SLAT-ANGLE-MAX</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
maximum slat angle for angle-adjustable slats (due to limitations in the blind
construction or control). SLAT-ANGLE-MAX should be greater than
SLAT-ANGLE-MIN.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>SLAT-WIDTH</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
width of the slat, as shown in <SPAN
style="mso-field-code: ' REF _Ref490728600 h '">Figure <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">29</SPAN></SPAN>. The default value corresponds to
slats that are 1.0 in wide.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>SLAT-SEPARATION</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
distance between slats. See <SPAN
style="mso-field-code: ' REF _Ref490728600 h '">Figure <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">29</SPAN></SPAN>. The default value corresponds to
slats that are 0.75 in apart.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>BLIND-COVER</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Fraction of the glazed area covered by the blind. Used only when the
blind coverage is fixed (i.e., blinds cannot move up and down). It is assumed
that a blind,if present, covers all or part of the glazed area of the window. It
does not cover any of the framed portion of the window if the window has a
frame.</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>BLIND-COVER-MIN</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Minimum fraction of glazed area covered by blind (used when blind
coverage is variable). If all of the retracted slats remain over the glazed
opening (e.g., there is no recess above the window to accept retracted slats),
then BLIND-COVER-MIN should be greater than</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>(THICKNESS + δ) / (THICKNESS + [SLAT-SEPARATION]),</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>which
is the fraction of the window covered by the blind when the blind is fully
retracted. (Here, δ is the separation between adjacent slat faces when the
blinds are fully retracted.)</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>BLIND-COVER-MAX</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Maximum fraction of window area covered by blind (used when blind
coverage is variable). BLIND-COVER-MAX should be greater than
BLIND-COVER-MIN.</FONT></P>
<H3 style="MARGIN: 6pt 0in 3pt"><A name=_Toc85281944><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Keywords for a glass, blind, or gap layer</FONT></A></H3>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>THICKNESS</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
thickness of a glass layer, a gap layer, or the slats in a blind layer. For a
glass layer, THICKNESS is the surface-to-surface thickness. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For a
gap between two glass layers, THICKNESS is the distance between the inside
surface of one glass layer and the outside surface of the other glass layer.
</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For a
gap between a glass layer and a blind layer, THICKNESS is the distance between
the center plane of the blinds and the glass surface. In this case, the gap
THICKNESS should be greater than SLAT-WIDTH/2 to allow room for the slats when
fully open. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For a
blind layer, THICKNESS is the surface-to-surface thickness of the slats.
</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>The
default thickness for glass and gap corresponds to 1/4 in (6.3 mm) and for
blinds corresponds to 0.04 in (1.0 mm).</FONT></P>
<H5 style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT face=Arial>CONDUCTIVITY</FONT></H5>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>For a
glass or gap layer, the conductance of the layer times its THICKNESS. For a
blind layer, the conductance of the slat times its THICKNESS.</FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><A name=_Toc85281946><FONT
face=Arial size=2>How to Model Pull-Down Shades</FONT></A></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial size=2>You
can model a translucent pull-down shade by entering it as a blind with closed
slats in the WINDOW-LAYERS list. In this case, you should not specify
SLAT-ADJ-TYPE, SLAT-SCHEDULE, or SLAT-TRIGG-SCH. Shades that are input this way
will give a more accurate calculation of solar gain than if modeled using
SHADING-SCHEDULE and VIS-TRANS-SCH because inter-reflections between the shade
and glass layers are properly taken into account in the calculation. </FONT></P>
<P class=MsoBodyText style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt"><FONT face=Arial><FONT
size=2><SPAN style="mso-field-code: ' REF _Ref490650100 h '">Table <SPAN
style="mso-no-proof: yes">33</SPAN></SPAN> shows the pull-down shade layers that
are in the Library. To describe your own pull-down shade layer, your input might
look like the following for a shade with a solar and visible transmittance of
20% and a solar and visible reflectance of 70%:</FONT></FONT></P>
<P class=DOE-2Input style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 12pt 0.75in"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Shade-T20-R70 = WINDOW-LAYER<BR>TYPE<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>= BLIND<BR>THICKNESS<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>= 0.00066<BR>CONDUCTIVITY<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>=
0.0667<BR>SLAT-ANGLE<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>= 89.95<BR>SLAT-ORIENTATION<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>= HORIZONTAL<BR>SLAT-WIDTH<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>= 0.0840<BR>SLAT-SEPARATION<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>= 0.0833<BR>TRANS-SOL-BH<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>=
0.20<BR>TRANS-SOL-HH<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>=
0.20<BR>REFL-SOL-BH<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>=
0.70<BR>REFL-SOL-HH<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>=
0.70<BR>BACKREFL-SOL-BH<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>= 0.70<BR>BACKREFL-SOL-HH<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>= 0.70<BR>TRANS-VIS-BH<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>=
0.20<BR>TRANS-VIS-HH<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>=
0.20<BR>REFL-VIS-BH<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>=
0.70<BR>REFL-VIS-HH<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>=
0.70 <BR>BACKREFL-VIS-BH<SPAN style="mso-tab-count: 1">
</SPAN>= 0.70<BR>BACKREFL-VIS-HH<SPAN
style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </SPAN>= 0.70
..</FONT></P><BR><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR>----- Original Message -----
<BR>From: "Victor Hanby" <vhanby@dmu.ac.uk><BR>To:
<BLDG-SIM@gard.com><BR>Sent: Friday, November 19, 2004 3:46 AM<BR>Subject:
[BLDG-SIM] external louvres<BR><BR><BR>> Are there any simulation programs
that handle external louvres by <BR>> calculating multiple reflections, or is
it normal to e.g. factor down <BR>> the exposed area of glass?<BR>>
<BR>> Vic Hanby<BR>> -- <BR>>
-------------------------------------------------<BR>> Professor V I
Hanby<BR>> Institute of Energy and Sustainable Development<BR>> De
Montfort University<BR>> The Gateway<BR>> Leicester LE1 9BH, UK<BR>>
+44 (0)116 257 7980, 7977 (fax)<BR>>
-------------------------------------------------<BR>> <BR>> <BR>>
======================================================<BR>> You received this
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