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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>The EA-TAG should also consider that the
infiltration due to stack effect in a high-rise building is affected by having
entrances with a vestibule and revolving doors. </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Can occupancy based lighting and occupancy
based ventilation be considered for LEED credits </span>under “Optimize
Energy Performance”? How should these options be modeled?
In DOE2 the design ventilation value can be varied by using the occupancy schedule
for the minimum OA schedule. Occupancy based lighting would have to be “on-off”
depending on occupancy = 0 or occupancy > 0. This can vary with
the space type and it is difficult to determine for buildings zoned as
perimeter and interior only. Can we assume say an average 5% off the
lighting schedule for installing occupancy based lighting controls? How
would you model daylighting controls for LEED credits? In DOE2 you can locate
the light sensor close to the window and assume it represents a perimeter space
with any depth. Are there limits on lighting sensor location and
perimeter space depths, areas and volumes? The ASHRAE STD90 prescriptive standards
are stringent in all categories of envelope, lighting and mechanical
systems. From the responses I have received so far, significant energy
cost savings (such as 60%) can be achieved with daylighting controls (not
accepted by most energy codes), renewable energy sources such as PV and GSHP,
and thermal storage in situations where there is a big difference between peak
and off-peak electric rates. </font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>I think that different types of standard
building models should be defined with case studies. It is difficult to figure
out the intent of STD90 and to convert STD90 legal descriptive language into a
base prototype building model. 10CFR435 is more precise. I think
that the “Energy & Atmosphere” section of LEED should be
explained in more detail and with examples.</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Varkie Thomas</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'>Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:navy'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>-----Original Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b> postman@gard.com
[mailto:postman@gard.com] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Marcus
Sheffer<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>Wednesday, May
19, 2004</span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma'> </span></font><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>11:00 AM</span></font><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'><br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> BLDG-SIM@gard.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> [BLDG-SIM] Infiltration:
Standard versus Proposed Design</span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'> </span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Right now infiltration reduction is not an eligible
item for energy cost reduction for LEED. Infiltration rates must be the
same in the proposed and budget buildings.<br>
<br>
My understanding is that the Energy & Atmosphere Technical Advisory Group
(EA TAG) of the USGBC is considering this issue with an eye toward developing a
modeling protocol.<br>
<br>
I am aware of at least two projects that have applied for savings in this area
which have been put on hold (the LEED points were denied pending further input
from the EA TAG). <br>
<br>
<br>
As At </span></font>10:33 AM 05/19/2004, you wrote:<br>
<br>
</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:
.5in'><font size=3 color=navy face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;color:navy'>Can infiltration be considered in comparing standard versus
proposed design models using the ECB method and for LEED credits under
“Optimize Energy Performance”? Typically we use the same
criteria in both models, but this is a particular case of a proposed
double-wall building. “10CFR435 Table 402.2.1. – Air Leakage
for Fenestration & Doors Maximum Allowable Infiltration Rate”
provides standard model information for federal buildings. For example,
the infiltration rate is 0.15 cfm/ft2 for fixed aluminum windows. Can
this be used for LEED standard design and can a lower rate be used for double
wall buildings?<br>
<br>
The CFR table does not account for Heating & Cooling Degree Days as with
Table-B Building Envelope Requirements of STD90. In my opinion, the peak
design infiltration rate should be varied from maximum in winter to minimum in
summer (typically zero for pressurized buildings) using a schedule. The
maximum, of say 0.15 cfm/ft2, would apply to a cold climate such as </span></font>Chicago
and it should be scaled down for warmer climates. <font color="#333399"><span
style='color:#333399'>Since DOE2 does not allow infiltration rates on the basis
of cfm/ft2 of wall or window area or cfm per lineal foot of window perimeter,
we create a typical perimeter space and convert the window based infiltration
rate to cfm/ft2 of space area or space air changes. </span></font><font
color=navy><span style='color:navy'>We then look at the results in </span></font><font
color="#333399"><span style='color:#333399'>“REPORT- LS-C BUILDING PEAK
LOAD COMPONENTS” of the DOE2 output to see if the infiltration load looks
reasonable (relative to the other loads) for the location and type of building
and make adjustments by trial and error. Judgment and experience is
considered more reliable than theoretical mathematical models. The BEPS
and BEPU reports in DOE2 should separate out the infiltration loads from the
heating & cooling loads. Any comments?<br>
<br>
Thanks for the comments and suggestions to using different utilities in
standard versus proposed design. They were very helpful in making some
decisions here. Most of the responses seem to go directly to the person
asking the question.<br>
<br>
Varkie Thomas<br>
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP<br>
</span></font><font color=navy><span style='color:navy'> <br>
<br>
</span></font></p>
<pre style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'> </span></font></pre><pre style='margin-left:
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<p style='margin-left:.5in'></x-sigsep><font size=4 color=green
face="Abadi MT Condensed Light"><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Abadi MT Condensed Light";
color:green'><x-sigsep>Marcus B. Sheffer
energy & environmental consulting<br>
Energy Opportunities, Inc
717-292-2636<br>
1200 E Camping Area Road
Fax: 717-292-0585 <br>
</span></font><font size=4 color=green face="Abadi MT Condensed Light"><span
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<pre style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt'> </span></font></pre><pre style='margin-left:
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style='margin-left:.5in'><font size=2 face="Courier New"><span
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